Burnout, Presenteeism and Workplace Conditions of Korean Taekwondo Coaches of High-Performance Athletes
Open accessAbstract
Coaching is a stressful occupation, with expectations that are physically and psychologically demanding. Coaches are highly susceptible to occupational burnout and presenteeism, which ultimately affects the entire sporting community. In this study, coaching stress was evaluated by surveying taekwondo coaches to analyze the contributions of unique cultural predispositions and workplace conditions (environmental) to coach stress, burnout, and presenteeism. We verified the positive correlation between workplace conditions, burnout, and presenteeism for 210 taekwondo coaches; performed frequency, correlation, and confirmatory analysis using the compiled data; and the discussed the results within the framework of a formulated structural equation model. The research results are as follows. First, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on burnout syndrome. Second, the workplace conditions of taekwondo coaches had a negative effect on presenteeism. Lastly, burnout of taekwondo coaches had a significant effect on presenteeism. Therefore, coaches’ burnout decreases as their workplace conditions improve, and presenteeism decreases as their burnout increases in controlled workplace conditions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Burnout significantly increased presenteeism.
“For instance, it was found that burnout significantly increased presenteeism [107]”
From The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
The Discussion reports a positive relationship between burnout and presenteeism among Korean coaches of high-performance taekwondo athletes, and Results §3.4 gives a positive coefficient (β = 2.172, p < 0.05). However, that same Results passage also says that presenteeism decreases as burnout increases. The paper’s conflicting descriptions do not unambiguously support the claimed increase. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941 · cited 8× · see citing works
“Considering that the measurement model and SEM were implemented using the ML method, a multivariate normality test was conducted to validate the null hypothesis.”
MethodInfluentialMaslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852 · cited 2× · see citing works
“First coined by Hubert Freudenberger in 1974 [27], the term “job burnout” has been further embraced by Maslach, Schaufeli, and Leiter to describe a state of emotional exhaustion that typically leads to cynicism and interpersonal disengagement, and eventually to an extensive detachment from the various aspects of the j…”
BackgroundFreudenberger, H. J. (1974) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x · Cited by 5,463 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 1,801 · see citing works
Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce
Stewart, W. F. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2443 · Cited by 1,570 · see citing works
Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism
Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.54.7.502 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Elite Athletes: A Narrative Systematic Review
Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2 · Cited by 1,205 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Under such profit-oriented leadership, athletes are often exhausted by intense physical and mental demands and are stressed by having to deal with public scrutiny, abrasive group dynamics, and the constant exposure to career-terminating or life-altering injury risks [6].”
BackgroundCoach Education and Continuing Professional Development: Experience and Learning to Coach
Cushion, C. J., Armour, K. M., & Jones, R. L. (2003) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2003.10491800 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Present but sick: a three‐wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout
Demerouti, E., Blanc, P. M. L., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. J. (2009) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620430910933574 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Athletes' career transition out of sport: a systematic review
Park, S., Lavallee, D. E., & Tod, D. (2012) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.687053 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Going to work ill: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model.
Miraglia, M., & Johns, G. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000015 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Hansen, C. D., & Andersen, J. H. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.022 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Lyle, J. (2005) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203994986 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Age of Peak Competitive Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review
Allen, S. V., & Hopkins, W. G. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0354-3 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Peak Performance and Age Among Superathletes: Track and Field, Swimming, Baseball, Tennis, and Golf
Schulz, R., & Curnow, C. (1988) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/43.5.p113 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Reliability and Validity of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale
Turpin, R. S., Ozminkowski, R. J., Sharda, C. E., Collins, J. J., Berger, M. L., Billotti, G. M., Baase, C. M., Olson, M. J., & Nicholson, S. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000144999.35675.a0 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Gould, D., Greenleaf, C., Guinan, D., & Chung, Y. (2002) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.16.3.229 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
A Case Study of Organizational Stress in Elite Sport
Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2001) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/104132001753149892 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Kristiansen, E., & Roberts, G. C. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00950.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Stress in Elite Sports Coaching: Identifying Stressors
Olusoga, P., Butt, J., Hays, K., & Maynard, I. (2009) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200903222921 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Cumming, S. P., Smoll, F. L., Smith, R. E., & Grossbard, J. R. (2007) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200701342640 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Lancet, T. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31205-x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
College Coaches’ Experiences with Stress—“Problem Solvers” Have Problems, Too
Frey, M. (2007) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.21.1.38 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Nielsen, K. M., & Daniels, K. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.001 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Relationships among Coach Burnout, Coach Behaviors, and Athletes’ Psychological Responses
Price, M. S., & Weiss, M. R. (2000) · The Sport Psychologist · doi:10.1123/tsp.14.4.391 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Depression and Pain in Retired Professional Football Players
Schwenk, T. L., Gorenflo, D. W., Dopp, R. R., & Hipple, E. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802fa679 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Byon, K. K., Zhang, J. J., & Baker, T. (2013) · European Sport Management Quarterly · doi:10.1080/16184742.2013.767278 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Wu, S.-H., Tsai, C.-Y. D., & Hung, C.-C. (2012) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.26.2.177 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Is it Time to Consider the “Burnout Syndrome†A Distinct Illness?
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00158 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Davis, L., Appleby, R., Davis, P., Wetherell, M. A., & Gustafsson, H. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1429176 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Emotion in sport: considering interpersonal regulation strategies
Friesen, A. P., Lane, A. M., Devonport, T. J., Sellars, C. N., Stanley, D. N., & Beedie, C. (2012) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.742921 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Mazerolle, S. M., Pitney, W. A., Casa, D. J., & Pagnotta, K. D. (2011) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.194 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of burnout and recovery in elite soccer coaches
Lundkvist, E., Gustafsson, H., Hjälm, S., & Hassmén, P. (2012) · Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2012.693526 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The Experience of Depression during the Careers of Elite Male Athletes
Doherty, S., Hannigan, B., & Campbell, M. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01069 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Coping With the Effects of Fear of Failure: A Preliminary Investigation of Young Elite Athletes
Sagar, S. S., Lavallee, D. E., & Spray, C. M. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.3.1.73 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Social World of High School Athletic Coaches: Multiple Role Demands and Their Consequences
Sage, G. H. (1987) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.4.3.213 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Examining coaches’ perceptions of how their stress influences the coach–athlete relationship
Thelwell, R. C., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Chapman, M. T., & Kenttä, G. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1241422 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Jeon, S.-H., Leem, J., Park, S., Heo, Y.-S., Lee, B.-J., Moon, S.-H., Jung, D.-Y., & Kim, H. (2014) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/2052-4374-26-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSteidl-Müller, L., Hildebrandt, C., Müller, E. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.002 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Richards, K. A. R., Templin, T. J., Levesque‐Bristol, C., & Blankenship, B. T. (2014) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2013-0159 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Are German Coaches Highly Exhausted? A Study of Differences in Personal and Environmental Factors
Altfeld, S., & Kellmann, M. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.10.4.637 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Avtgis, T. Ä., & Taber, K. R. (2006) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/17464090500535814 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Burnout Syndrome Among Educators in Pre-school Institutions
Hozo, E. R., Sučić, G., & Žaja, I. (2015) · Materia Socio Medica · doi:10.5455/msm.2015.27.399-403 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Research Note: What Takes Them Out to the Ball Game?
Schmidt, M. B., & Berri, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/1527002504271352 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
How Much Is a Win Worth? An Application to Intercollegiate Athletics
Chung, D. J. (2015) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2015.2337 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Burnout bei Trainern: Ein Review zu Einflussfaktoren, Diagnostik und Interventionen
Schaffran, P., Altfeld, S., & Kellmann, M. (2016) · German Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5960/dzsm.2016.232 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Predicting Coach-Athlete Relationship through Emotional Labor and Burnout in Athlete Coaches
Lee, K., & Lee, K. (2017) · Korean Society of Sport Psychology · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Effect of Job Burnout and Work Engagement on Presenteeism
Choi, M. S., & Jeong, S.-E. (2016) · doi:10.22834/pds.2016.9.3.63 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [26]Schaufeli W. Enzmann D. The Burnout Companion to Study and Practice: A Critical Analysis Taylor & Francis Abingdon, UK 1998
- [45]Kline R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling The Guilford Press New York, NY, USA 2015
- [53]Hwang S.M. Investigation of the Impacts by Burnout and Engagement on Presenteeism for Airline Cabin Crew Based upon Job Demand-Resource Model Ph.D. Dissertation Kyunghee University Gyeonggi, Korea 2018 Unpublished
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Frost, J., Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Fisher, K., Gwyther, K., Kocherginsky, M., & Rice, S. M. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00655-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Other measurement tools included the Coach Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ) ( n = 1) [103] and Coach Burnout Affect Survey ( n = 1) [107].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
- Authors
- Seo, E., Kim, H., Sim, Y., Ha, M.-S., Kim, U., & Kim, H.
- Affiliations
- Wonkwang University (KR)
- Hankyong National University (KR)
- Department of International Sports, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Dongguk University (KR)
- Dankook University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Hanbeom
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-05-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5912
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9141872
- OpenAlex
- W4280649915
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wonkwang University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- burnout, presenteeism, working conditions, taekwondo instructors, elite athletes, occupational stress, cultural predispositions
- MeSH terms
- Presenteeism, Burnout, Psychological, Burnout, Professional, Humans, Martial Arts, Workplace, Athletes, Republic of Korea
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
