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Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases

Burns, Mannix, Rizvi, Syed Husain Mustafa, Tsukahara, Yuko, Pimentel, David R., Luptak, Ivan, Hamburg, Naomi M., Matsui, Reiko, Bachschmid, Markus M.·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21186803PMC PMC7555996
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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important. An underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases is believed to be excess reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Glutathione, the most abundant cellular antioxidant, plays an important role in the body’s reaction to oxidative stress by forming reversible disulfide bridges with a variety of proteins, termed glutathionylation (GSylation). GSylation can alter the activity, function, and structure of proteins, making it a major regulator of cellular processes. Glutathione-protein mixed disulfide bonds are regulated by glutaredoxins (Glrxs), thioltransferase members of the thioredoxin family. Glrxs reduce GSylated proteins and make them available for another redox signaling cycle. Glrxs and GSylation play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, and atherosclerosis. This review primarily concerns the role of GSylation and Glrxs, particularly glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx), in cardiovascular diseases and the potential of Glrx as therapeutic agents.

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Metadata

Authors
Burns, M., Rizvi, S. H. M., Tsukahara, Y., Pimentel, D. R., Luptak, I., Hamburg, N. M., Matsui, R., & Bachschmid, M. M.
Affiliations
  • Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
  • Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-16
Volume
21
Issue
18
Pages
6803
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms21186803
PMC
PMC7555996
Cited by
36
References
9
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01 HL133013, R01 D K103750, R03 AG 051857, 1UL1TR001430)
  • American Heart Association (16GRNT27660006)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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