Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications
Open accessAbstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well‐known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short‐chain and long‐chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Proteomics does not fully capture protein modifications that significantly impact protein structure and function.
“proteomics does not fully capture protein modifications that significantly impact protein structure and function [Zhong et al., 2023; Naowarojna et al., 2021].”
From Cell signaling pathways discovery from multi-modal data (2025) · cites this paper as Zhong et al., 2023
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Interplay of Metal Ions and Posttranslational Modifications in Proteins
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- Authors
- Zhong, Q., Xiao, X., Qiu, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, C., Chong, B., Zhao, X., Hai, S., Li, S., An, Z., & Dai, L.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Corresponding author
- Dai, Lunzhi
- Venue
- MedComm
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-02
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e261-e261
- ISSN
- 2688-2663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10152985
- OpenAlex
- W4367676419
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 1,499
- Citations by year
- 2026: 185 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 15 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 11.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- MedComm (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073221, 31870826, 82073246)
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYYC20007)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer-related gene regulation
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- protein posttranslational modification, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acylation, redox modification, therapeutic target, diagnostic and prognostic markers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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