Cited by 442Ubiquitin and proteasome pathwaysCancer-related gene regulationAdvanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications

Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

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Zhong, Qian, Xiao, Xina, Qiu, Yijie, Xu, Zhiqiang, Chen, Chunyu, Chong, Baochen, Zhao, Xinjun, Hai, Shan +3 more·2023·MedComm

Abstract

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well‐known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short‐chain and long‐chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.

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  • Proteomics does not fully capture protein modifications that significantly impact protein structure and function.

    “proteomics does not fully capture protein modifications that significantly impact protein structure and function [Zhong et al., 2023; Naowarojna et al., 2021].”

    From Cell signaling pathways discovery from multi-modal data (2025) · cites this paper as Zhong et al., 2023

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Authors
Zhong, Q., Xiao, X., Qiu, Y., Xu, Z., Chen, C., Chong, B., Zhao, X., Hai, S., Li, S., An, Z., & Dai, L.
Affiliations
  • Sichuan University (CN)
  • Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
Corresponding author
Dai, Lunzhi
Venue
MedComm
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-05-02
Volume
4
Issue
3
Pages
e261-e261
ISSN
2688-2663 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4367676419
Cited by
442
References
1,499
Citations by year
2026: 185 · 2025: 169 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 15 · 2013: 1
FWCI
11.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • MedComm (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073221, 31870826, 82073246)
  • West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYYC20007)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer-related gene regulation
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
Keywords
protein posttranslational modification, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acylation, redox modification, therapeutic target, diagnostic and prognostic markers

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