Cited by 523Redox biology and oxidative stressSulfur Compounds in BiologyGlutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms

Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Reversible Protein S -Glutathionylation

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Mieyal, John J., Gallogly, Molly M., Qanungo, Suparna, Sabens, Elizabeth A., Shelton, Melissa D.·2008·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Abstract

Sulfhydryl chemistry plays a vital role in normal biology and in defense of cells against oxidants, free radicals, and electrophiles. Modification of critical cysteine residues is an important mechanism of signal transduction, and perturbation of thiol–disulfide homeostasis is an important consequence of many diseases. A prevalent form of cysteine modification is reversible formation of protein mixed disulfides ( protein–SSG ) with glutathione (GSH). The abundance of GSH in cells and the ready conversion of sulfenic acids and S -nitroso derivatives to S -glutathione mixed disulfides suggests that reversible S -glutathionylation may be a common feature of redox signal transduction and regulation of the activities of redox sensitive thiol-proteins. The glutaredoxin enzyme has served as a focal point and important tool for evolution of this regulatory mechanism, because it is a specific and efficient catalyst of protein–SSG deglutathionylation. However, mechanisms of control of intracellular Grx activity in response to various stimuli are not well understood, and delineation of specific mechanisms and enzyme(s) involved in formation of protein–SSG intermediates requires further attention. A large number of proteins have been identified as potentially regulated by reversible S -glutathionylation, but only a few studies have documented glutathionylation-dependent changes in activity of specific proteins in a physiological context. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of many diseases which may interrupt or divert normal redox signaling and perturb protein–thiol homeostasis. Examples involving changes in S -glutathionylation of specific proteins are discussed in the context of diabetes, cardiovascular and lung diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal, 10, 1941–1988.

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Crossref · 10.1089/ars.2008.2089

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  • NO-induced thiol modifications of proteins can lead to transient changes in enzyme activity.

    “NO-induced thiol modifications of proteins can lead to transient changes in enzyme activity, and such modifications could be regulated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase Pi and glutaredoxin, which can catalyze the binding of glutathione to oxidized protein thiols or restore thiols to their reduced state (65).”
  • Such modifications could be regulated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase Pi and glutaredoxin, which can catalyze the binding of glutathione to oxidized protein thiols or restore thiols to their reduced state.

    “NO-induced thiol modifications of proteins can lead to transient changes in enzyme activity, and such modifications could be regulated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase Pi and glutaredoxin, which can catalyze the binding of glutathione to oxidized protein thiols or restore thiols to their reduced state (65).”
  • Thiols can be converted into numerous oxidized products of varying stability, and thiol oxidation or nitrosation may facilitate S-glutathionylation.

    “Furthermore, post-translational modification of thiols is by no means limited to S-nitrosation. Thiols can be converted into numerous oxidized products, of varying degrees of stability (see [60]). Thiol oxidation or nitrosation may also facilitate S-glutathionylation (see [61]).”

    From Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology (2015) · cites this paper as [61]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [67]Di Noto L Biochemical Investigation of Tau and MAP2: polymerization implications for neuropathic filament assembly in Alzheimer’s disease Dissertation University of Florida Gainsville, FL 2002
  2. [93]Gallogly MM Starke DW Leonberg AK Mieyal JJ Kinetics of Mammalian Glutaredoxins: GRx2 is less active, but mimics the catalytic mechanism of GRx1 2007 Ref Type: Conference Proceeding

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Authors
Mieyal, J. J., Gallogly, M. M., Qanungo, S., Sabens, E. A., & Shelton, M. D.
Affiliations
  • Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (US)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
Mieyal, John J.
Venue
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Published
2008-11
Volume
10
Issue
11
Pages
1941-1988
ISSN
  • 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7716
OpenAlex
W2005248412
Cited by
523
References
357
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 51
FWCI
3.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5f30ag029687-02)
  • National Institute on Aging (1 F30 AG029687, 1P01AG15885, R01AG024413, P01AG015885)
  • National Eye Institute (5 T32 EY07157, T32EY007157)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007250, T32GM008803, T32GM07250)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Keywords
protein S-glutathionylation, glutathione, glutaredoxin, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, redox signaling, cysteine modification, oxidative stress, protein regulation, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases
MeSH terms
Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Glutathione, Humans, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Signal Transduction

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