Suppression of the gut microbiome ameliorates age‐related arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice
Open accessAbstract
Key points: Age‐related arterial dysfunction, characterized by oxidative stress‐ and inflammation‐mediated endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. To investigate whether age‐related changes in the gut microbiome may mediate arterial dysfunction, we suppressed gut microbiota in young and old mice with a cocktail of broad‐spectrum, poorly‐absorbed antibiotics in drinking water for 3–4 weeks. In old mice, antibiotic treatment reversed endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening and attenuated vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. To provide insight into age‐related changes in gut microbiota that may underlie these observations, we show that ageing altered the abundance of microbial taxa associated with gut dysbiosis and increased plasma levels of the adverse gut‐derived metabolite trimethylamine N ‐oxide. The results of the present study provide the first proof‐of‐concept evidence that the gut microbiome is an important mediator of age‐related arterial dysfunction and therefore may be a promising therapeutic target for preserving arterial function with ageing, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress‐mediated arterial dysfunction (e.g. endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening) is the primary mechanism driving age‐related cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests the gut microbiome modulates host physiology because dysregulation (‘gut dysbiosis’) has systemic consequences, including promotion of oxidative stress. The present study aimed to determine whether the gut microbiome modulates arterial function with ageing. We measured arterial function in young and older mice after 3–4 weeks of treatment with broad‐spectrum, poorly‐absorbed antibiotics to suppress the gut microbiome. To identify potential mechanistic links between the gut microbiome and age‐related arterial dysfunction, we sequenced microbiota from young and older mice and measured plasma levels of the adverse gut‐derived metabolite trimethylamine N ‐oxide (TMAO). In old mice, antibiotics reversed endothelial dysfunction [area‐under‐the‐curve carotid artery dilatation to acetylcholine in young: 345 ± 16 AU vs . old control (OC): 220 ± 34 AU, P < 0.01; vs . old antibiotic‐treated (OA): 334 ± 15 AU; P < 0.01 vs . OC] and arterial stiffening (aortic pulse wave velocity in young: 3.62 ± 0.15 m s −1 vs . OC: 4.43 ± 0.38 m s −1 ; vs . OA: 3.52 ± 0.35 m s −1 ; P = 0.03). These improvements were accompanied by lower oxidative stress and greater antioxidant enzyme expression. Ageing altered the abundance of gut microbial taxa associated with gut dysbiosis. Lastly, plasma TMAO was higher with ageing (young: 2.6 ± 0.4 μmol L −1 vs . OC: 7.2 ± 2.0 μmol L −1 ; P < 0.0001) and suppressed by antibiotic treatment (OA: 1.2 ± 0.2 μmol L −1 ; P < 0.0001 vs . OC). The results of the present study provide the first evidence for the gut microbiome being an important mediator of age‐related arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiome health may hold promise for preserving arterial function and reducing cardiovascular risk with ageing in humans.
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Suppression of the gut microbiome using broad-spectrum antibiotics restored arterial function in old mice (20-24 months old) to levels observed in young animals (8-10 weeks old), coupled with normalization of oxidative stress and inflammation.
“suppression of the gut microbiome using broad-spectrum antibiotics restored arterial function in old mice (20-24 months old) to levels observed in young animals (8-10 weeks old), which was coupled with normalization of both oxidative stress and inflammation”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Brunt et al., 2019
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn animal models, gut microbiota suppression with oral poorly absorbed antibiotics is associated with decreased TMAO levels, improved endothelial function, reduced arterial stiffness, and lower oxidative stress.
“In other animal model studies, gut microbiota suppression with oral poorly absorbed antibiotics was associated with decreased TMAO levels, improved endothelial function, reduced arterial stiffness, and lower oxidative stress129.”
From Gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease. (2020) · cites this paper as [129]
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“Old mice also had greater aortic intima-media thickness relative to young (old vehicle versus young vehicle; P= 0.03), which is similar to previous reports from our laboratory, 20,28 S1A).”
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Kasal, D. A. B., Sena, V., Huguenin, G. V. B., Lorenzo, A. D., & Tibiriçá, E. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1505516 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites: Potential targets for cardiorenal syndrome
Lai, Y.-C., Zhu, Y., Zhang, X., Ding, S., Wang, F., Hao, J., Wang, Z., Shi, C., Xu, Y., Zheng, L., et al. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107672 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Iglesias‐Carres, L., Krueger, E. S., Herring, J. A., Tessem, J. S., & Neilson, A. P. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00247 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial disruption in the gut promotes cerebral endothelial dysfunction
Rustia, A. J., Paterson, J. S., Best, G., & Sokoya, E. M. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15100 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brunt, V. E., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Richey, J. J., Zigler, M. C., Cuevas, L. M., Gonzalez, A., Vázquez‐Baeza, Y., Battson, M. L., Smithson, A. T., Gilley, A. D., Ackermann, G., Neilson, A. P., Weir, T., Davy, K. P., Knight, R., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brunt, Vienna E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-02-27
- Volume
- 597
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2361-2378
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC6487935
- OpenAlex
- W2919947473
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (F31 AG047784)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32 HL140875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, trimethylamine N-oxide, antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion, cardiovascular aging, aortic pulse wave velocity, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, mice, gut-heart axis, gut microbiota metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Aging, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Carotid Arteries, Endothelium, Vascular, Male, Methylamines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Vasodilation, Oxidative Stress, Mice, Vascular Stiffness
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