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Cited by 129Long-Term Effects of COVID-19Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic DisordersCOVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

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Bisaccia, Giandomenico, Ricci, Fabrizio, Recce, Vittoria, Serio, Antonio, Iannetti, Giovanni, Chahal, Anwar A., Ståhlberg, Marcus, Khanji, Mohammed Yunus +2 more·2021·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
DOI 10.3390/jcdd8110156PMC PMC8621226
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Abstract

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID syndrome, is emerging as a major health issue in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms commonly experienced by patients include fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and “brain fog”. Additionally, symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and syncope suggest the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Signs of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction appear to be common in PASC and are similar to those observed in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. In this review, we report on the epidemiology of PASC, discuss current evidence and possible mechanisms underpinning the dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, and suggest nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions to treat and relieve symptoms of PASC-associated dysautonomia.

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Authors
Bisaccia, G., Ricci, F., Recce, V., Serio, A., Iannetti, G., Chahal, A. A., Ståhlberg, M., Khanji, M. Y., Fedorowski, A., & Gallina, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
  • Lund University (SE)
  • Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
  • Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, WellSpan Health, 140 North Pointe Boulevard, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
  • Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Ricci, Fabrizio
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-11-15
Volume
8
Issue
11
Pages
156
ISSN
2308-3425 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jcdd8110156
PMC
PMC8621226
OpenAlex
W3212371437
Cited by
129
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 1
FWCI
3.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Keywords
post-COVID-19 sequelae, long COVID, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, orthostatic intolerance, syncope, brain fog, fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, exercise intolerance, non-pharmacological treatment, pharmacological interventions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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