Persistent fatigue following SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and independent of severity of initial infection
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Fatigue is a common symptom in those presenting with symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, it is unknown if COVID-19 results in persistent fatigue in those recovered from acute infection. We examined the prevalence of fatigue in individuals recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 illness using the Chalder Fatigue Score (CFQ-11). We further examined potential predictors of fatigue following COVID-19 infection, evaluating indicators of COVID-19 severity, markers of peripheral immune activation and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Of 128 participants (49.5 ± 15 years; 54% female), more than half reported persistent fatigue (67/128; 52.3%) at median of 10 weeks after initial COVID-19 symptoms. There was no association between COVID-19 severity (need for inpatient admission, supplemental oxygen or critical care) and fatigue following COVID-19. Additionally, there was no association between routine laboratory markers of inflammation and cell turnover (leukocyte, neutrophil or lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein) or pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-6 or sCD25) and fatigue post COVID-19. Female gender and those with a pre-existing diagnosis of depression/anxiety were over-represented in those with fatigue. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of post-viral fatigue in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after the acute phase of COVID-19 illness. This study highlights the importance of assessing those recovering from COVID-19 for symptoms of severe fatigue, irrespective of severity of initial illness, and may identify a group worthy of further study and early intervention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Published findings on the link between female sex and long COVID are mixed: some studies report higher rates of fatigue or other symptoms in women, whereas others find no association with gender.
“Literature data are not equivocal about the association between females and long COVID: some preliminary studies have shown an increased prevalence of fatigue [24] or other symptoms among women [1,5,13,16], while in other studies no gender association was found [4,[18], [19], [20]].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Fatigue is the most common symptom of long and acute COVID-19.
“Fatigue (58%) is the most common symptom of long and acute COVID-1923.”
From More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Fatigue is present even after 100 days of the first symptom of acute COVID-19.
“It is present even after 100 days of the first symptom of acute COVID-194,23.”
From More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · see citing works
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148 · see citing works
La certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463 · see citing works
Cook, R. J., Dickens, B. M., & Fathalla, M. F. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241323.003.0025 · Cited by 10,813 · see citing works
A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K. (2005) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051 · Cited by 8,968 · see citing works
Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China
Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y., Xie, C., Ma, K., Shang, K., Wang, W., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa248 · Cited by 4,775 · see citing works
Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019
Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Yu, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci137244 · Cited by 4,750 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19
He, X., Lau, E. H. Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Lau, Y. C., Wong, J. Y., Guan, Y., Tan, X., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5 · Cited by 4,242 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China
Zhang, J., Dong, X., Cao, Y., Yuan, Y.-D., Yang, Y., Yan, Y., Akdiş, C. A., & Gao, Y. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14238 · Cited by 4,004 · see citing works
(2001) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2001.tb01222.x · Cited by 3,515 · see citing works
Christiane, Druml, Wolzt, & Pleiner (2001) · Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni · Cited by 3,419 · see citing works
Development of a fatigue scale
Chalder, T., Berelowitz, G., Pawlikowska, T., Watts, L., Wessely, S., Wright, D., & Wallace, E. P. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-p · Cited by 3,032 · cited 11× · see citing works
“COVID-19 disease characteristics and fatigue Overall, there was no association, either using unadjusted models, or models adjusted for age and sex, between COVID-19 disease related characteristics (days since symptom onset, need for inpatient admission/supplemental oxygen/critical care, length of hospital stay) and ei…”
InfluentialOne-Year Outcomes in Survivors of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Herridge, M. S., Cheung, A. M., Tansey, C. M., Matte-Martyn, A., Diaz-Granados, N., Al-Saidi, F., Cooper, A. B., Guest, C. B., Mazer, C. D., Mehta, S., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022450 · Cited by 2,334 · see citing works
Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Oran, D. P., & Topol, E. J. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-3012 · Cited by 2,280 · see citing works
Xu, X., Wu, X., Jiang, X., Xu, K., Ying, L.-J., Ma, C., Li, S., Wang, H., Zhang, S., Gao, H., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m606 · Cited by 2,047 · see citing works
Post-Stroke Fatigue: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics and Treatment
Acciarresi, M., Bogousslavsky, J., & Paciaroni, M. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000363763 · Cited by 1,423 · see citing works
Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients
Zhou, Y., Fu, B., Zheng, X., Wang, D., Zhao, C., Qi, Y., Sun, R., Tian, Z., Xu, X., & Wei, H. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa041 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection In Beijing
Tian, S., Hu, N., Lou, J., Chen, K., Kang, X., Xiang, Z., Chen, H., Wang, D., Liu, N., Liu, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
(2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1,197 · see citing works
Prins, J. B., van der Meer, J. W., & Bleijenberg, G. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68073-2 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, ChinaPreprint
Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Yu, T., Xie, C., Ma, K., Shang, K., Wang, W., et al. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541136 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
White, P., Goldsmith, K., Johnson, A., Potts, L., Walwyn, R., DeCesare, J., Baber, H., Burgess, M., Clark, L., Cox, D., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60096-2 · Cited by 897 · see citing works
Hickie, I. B., Davenport, T. A., Wakefield, D., Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Cameron, B., Vernon, S. D., Reeves, W. C., & Lloyd, A. R. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38933.585764.ae · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients
Ling, Y., Xu, S.-B., Lin, Y.-X., Tian, D., Zhu, Z.-Q., Dai, F.-H., Wu, F., Song, Z.-G., Huang, W., Chen, J., et al. (2020) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000000774 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Lam, M. H.-B. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis
Zhu, J., Ji, P., Pang, J., Zhong, Z., Li, H., He, C., Zhang, J., & Zhao, C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25884 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Moldofsky, H., & Patcai, J. (2011) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-37 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Fatigue in the general norwegian population
Loge, J. H., Ekeberg, Ø., & Kaasa, S. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00291-2 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
The General Health Questionnaire
Jackson, C. A. (2006) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kql169 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients
Montoya, J. G., Holmes, T. H., Anderson, J. N., Maecker, H. T., Rosenberg‐Hasson, Y., Valencia, I. J., Chu, L., Younger, J., Tato, C. M., & Davis, M. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1710519114 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Mullner, R. M. (2009) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412971942.n154 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England
Hunter, E., Price, D., Murphy, E., van der Loeff, I. S., Baker, K. F., Lendrem, D. W., Lendrem, C., Schmid, M. L., Pareja-Cebrian, L., Welch, A. R., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30970-3 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Cognitive behaviour therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Butler, S., Chalder, T., Ron, M. A., & Wessely, S. C. (1991) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.2.153 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Bansell, J. C., & Valtueña, J. P. (2020) · Nursing Management · doi:10.1097/01.numa.0000719220.85627.ef · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ 11)
Jackson, C. A. (2015) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqu168 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Psychiatric diagnoses in patients who have chronic fatigue syndrome.
Kruesi, M. J. P., Dale, J. K., & Straus, S. E. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Vaira, L. A., Hopkins, C. L., Salzano, G., Petrocelli, M., Melis, A., Cucurullo, M., Ferrari, M., Gagliardini, L., Pipolo, C., Deiana, G., et al. (2020) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.26269 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Lee, S. H., Shin, H., Park, H. Y., Kim, J. L., Lee, J. J., Lee, H., Won, S.-D., & Han, W. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.10.22.3 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis in adolescents
Katz, B. Z., Shiraishi, Y., Mears, C. J., Binns, H. J., & Taylor, R. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1879 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Chronic fatigue syndrome, the immune system and viral infection
Bansal, A. S., Bradley, A. S., Bishop, K. N., Kiani‐Alikhan, S., & Ford, B. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.06.016 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection In BeijingPreprint
Tian, S., Hu, N., Lou, J., et al. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541134 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Fatigue, Function, and Mortality in Older Adults
Moreh, E., Jacobs, J. M., & Stessman, J. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq064 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The Beliefs about Emotions Scale: Validity, reliability and sensitivity to change
Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.09.014 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Exploring the validity of the chalder fatigue scale in chronic fatigue syndrome
Morriss, R. K., Wearden, A. J., & Mullis, R. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00022-1 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Biomarkers for chronic fatigue
Klimas, N. G., Broderick, G., & FLETCHER, M. A. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.006 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Depression in Patients with Neuromyasthenia (Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
Taerk, G., Toner, B. B., Salit, I. E., Garfinkel, P. E., & Ozersky, S. (1988) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/8r67-n9er-xr74-9ra7 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis
Zhu, J., Zhong, Z., Ji, P., Li, H., Li, B., Pang, J., Zhang, J., & Zhao, C. (2020) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.1136/fmch-2020-000406 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Predictors of chronic "postviral" fatigue
Cope, H. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92833-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Diferencias de género en pacientes con síndrome de fatiga crónica
Faro, M., Sáez‐Francàs, N., Castro‐Marrero, J., Aliste, L., de Sevilla, T. F., & Alegre, J. (2015) · Reumatología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2015.05.007 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Faro, M., Sáez‐Francàs, N., Castro‐Marrero, J., Aliste, L., de Sevilla, T. F., & Alegre, J. (2016) · Reumatología Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2015.05.009 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Evidence for the Presence of Immune Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Natelson, B. H., Haghighi, M. H., & Ponzio, N. M. (2002) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.9.4.747-752.2002 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Robertson, M. J., Schacterle, R. S., Mackin, G. A., Wilson, S. N., Bloomingdale, K. L., Ritz, J., & Komaroff, A. L. (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02833.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Jason, L. A., Benton, M., Torres‐Harding, S., & Muldowney, K. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.02.015 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Bradley, A. S., Ford, B., & Bansal, A. S. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12043 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Role of Infection and Neurologic Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Komaroff, A. L., & Cho, T. A. (2011) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287654 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fatigue in HIV-Infected People: A Three-Year Observational Study
Barroso, J. V., Leserman, J., Harmon, J. L., Hammill, B. G., & Pence, B. W. (2015) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chronic fatigue syndrome – Authors' reply
Prins, J., Bleijenberg, G., & van der Meer, J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68689-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mihaylova, I., DeRuyter, M., Rummens, J., Bosmans, E., & Maes, M. H. J. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lee, N., Li, C., Tsai, H., Chen, P., Syue, L.-S., Li, M.-C., Tsai, C.-S., Lo, C.-L., Hsueh, P., & Ko, W. (2020) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Vaira, L. A. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.158879175.53282134 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Vink, M., & Vink-Niese, F. (2019) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040124 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Altered resting-state functional connectivity in women with chronic fatigue syndrome
Kim, B.-H., Namkoong, K., Kim, J., Lee, S., Yoon, K. J., Choi, M., & Jung, Y. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.014 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Association of Fatigue and Stress With Gray Matter Volume
Kokubun, K., Nemoto, K., Oka, H., Fukuda, H., Yamakawa, Y., & Watanabe, Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00154 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The international collaborative on fatigue following infection (COFFI)
Katz, B. Z., Collin, S. M., Murphy, G., Moss-Morris, R. E., Wyller, V. B., Wensaas, K., Hautvast, J. L. A., Bleeker‐Rovers, C. P., Vollmer-Conna, U. S., Buchwald, D., et al. (2018) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2018.1426086 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Concern coronavirus may trigger post-viral fatigue syndromes
Wilson, C. (2020) · The New Scientist · doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(20)30746-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Galeoto, G., Sansoni, J., Valenti, D., Mollica, R., Valente, D., Parente, M. R., & Servadio, A. (2018) · PubMed · doi:10.7417/t.2018.2076 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Galbraith, S., Cameron, B., Li, H., Lau, D., Vollmer-Conna, U. S., & Lloyd, A. R. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir612 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Medical Aspects of Delayed Convalescence
Cluff, L. E. (1991) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_1.s138 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Stubhaug, B., Lier, H. Ø., Aßmus, J., Rongve, A., & Kvale, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00720 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Factors affecting depressive symptoms in employed hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure
Jeon, H. O., Kim, J., & Kim, O. (2019) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2019.1702218 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Brenu, E., Broadley, S., Nguyen, T. U., Johnston, S., Ramos, S. B., Staines, D., & Marshall‐Gradisnik, S. (2016) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2016/9064529 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
VITO, A. D., Geremia, N., Mameli, M. S., Serra, P. A., Fiore, V., Rocchitta, G., Nuvoli, S. M. F., Lobrano, R., Spanu, A., Cossu, A., et al. (2020) · Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.4084/mjhid.2020.056 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Takakura, S., Oka, T., & Sudo, N. (2019) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-019-0171-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Return to work following sickness absence due to infectious mononucleosis
Koopmans, P. C., Bakhtali, R., Katan, A. A., Groothoff, J. W., & Roelen, C. A. M. (2010) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqq061 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Human Herpesvirus 6 and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Eymard, D., Lebel, F., Miller, M., & Turgeon, F. (1992) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/1993/414602 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kerr, C., Hughes, G., McKenna, L., & Bergin, C. J. (2020) · Infection Prevention in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100076 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationCoetzee, B., Loades, M. E., Toit, S. D., Read, R. K., & Kagee, A. (2018) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2018.1510147 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 78 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lopez-Leon, S., Wegman-Ostrosky, T., Perelman, C., Sepulveda, R., Rebolledo, P. A., Cuapio, A., & Villapol, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8 · Cited by 2,757 · see citing works
Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments
Yong, S. J. (2021) · Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management
Crook, H., Raza, S., Nowell, J., Young, M., & Edison, P. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1648 · Cited by 1,655 · see citing works
Yeoh, Y. K., Zuo, T., Lui, G. C.-Y., Zhang, F., Liu, Q., Li, A. Y. L., Chung, A. C., Cheung, C. P., Tso, E. Y. K., Fung, K. S., et al. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020 · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Phetsouphanh, C., Darley, D. R., Wilson, D. B., Howe, A., Munier, C. M. L., Patel, S. K., Juno, J. A., Burrell, L. M., Kent, S. J., Dore, G. J., et al. (2022) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01113-x · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review
Aiyegbusi, O. L., Hughes, S. E., Turner, G., Rivera, S. C., McMullan, C., Chandan, J. S., Haroon, S., Price, G., Davies, E. H., Nirantharakumar, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/01410768211032850 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Groff, D., Sun, A., Ssentongo, A. E., Ba, D. M., Parsons, N., Poudel, G. R., Lekoubou, A., Oh, J. S., Ericson, J. E., Ssentongo, P., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28568 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Raveendran, A. V., Jayadevan, R., & Sashidharan, S. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.007 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized COVID-19 “long haulers”
Graham, E. L., Clark, J. R., Orban, Z. S., Lim, P. H., Szymanski, A. L., Taylor, C., DiBiase, R. M., Jia, D. T., Balabanov, R., Ho, S. U., et al. (2021) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51350 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Nasserie, T., Hittle, M., & Goodman, S. N. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Augustin, M., Schommers, P., Stecher, M., Dewald, F., Gieselmann, L., Gruell, H., Horn, C., Vanshylla, K., Cristanziano, V. D., Osebold, L., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100122 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Bai, F., Tomasoni, D., Falcinella, C., Barbanotti, D., Castoldi, R., Mulè, G., Augello, M., Mondatore, D., Allegrini, M., Cona, A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.002 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study
Moreno, Ó., Merino, E., León‐Ramírez, J., Andrés, M., Ramos, J. M., Arenas-Jiménez, J. J., Sánchez, S. A., Pérez, R. M. S., Torregrosa, P. R., Rodríguez-Galán, I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.01.004 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Palacios‐Ceña, D., Gómez‐Mayordomo, V., Florêncio, L. L., Cuadrado, M. L., Plaza‐Manzano, G., & Navarro‐Santana, M. J. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.06.009 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Tabacof, L., Tosto-Mancuso, J., Wood, J., Cortes, M., Kontorovich, A., McCarthy, D., Rizk, D., Rozanski, G., Breyman, E., Nasr, L., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001910 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Wong, T. L., & Weitzer, D. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57050418 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Andrade, B. S., Siqueira, S., Soares, W. R. D. A., Rangel, F. D. S., Santos, N. O., Freitas, A. D. S., Silveira, P. R., Tiwari, S., Alzahrani, K. J., Goés‐Neto, A., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13040700 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Illness duration and symptom profile in symptomatic UK school-aged children tested for SARS-CoV-2
Molteni, E., Sudre, C. H., Canas, L. S., Bhopal, S., Hughes, R. C., Antonelli, M., Murray, B. A. K., Kläser, K., Kerfoot, E., Chen, L., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00198-x · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 – A systematic review
Schou, T. M., Joca, S. R. L., Wegener, G., & Bay-Richter, C. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.018 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Kedor, C., Freitag, H., Meyer‐Arndt, L., Wittke, K., Hanitsch, L. G., Zöller, T., Steinbeis, F., Haffke, M., Rudolf, G., Heidecker, B., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32507-6 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Miskowiak, K., Johnsen, S., Sattler, S., Nielsen, S., Kunalan, K., Rungby, J., Lapperre, T., & Porsberg, C. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.019 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Physical and mental health complications post-COVID-19: Scoping review
Shanbehzadeh, S., Tavahomi, M., Zanjari, N., Ebrahimi-Takamjani, I., & Amiri-arimi, S. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110525 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Long COVID, a comprehensive systematic scoping review
Akbarialiabad, H., Taghrir, M. H., Abdollahi, A., Ghahramani, N., Kumar, M., Paydar, S., Razani, B., MWANGI, J. K., Asadi‐Pooya, A. A., Malekmakan, L., et al. (2021) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01666-x · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Menges, D., Ballouz, T., Anagnostopoulos, A., Aschmann, H. E., Domenghino, A., Fehr, J. S., & Puhan, M. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254523 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Finding the 'right' GP: a qualitative study of the experiences of people with long-COVID
Kingstone, T., Taylor, A. K., O’Donnell, C. A., Atherton, H., Blane, D., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2020) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpopen20x101143 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Iqbal, F. M., Lam, K., Sounderajah, V., Clarke, J., Ashrafian, H., & Darzi, A. W. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100899 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Koc, H. C., Xiao, J., Liu, W., Li, Y., & Chen, G. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.75056 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Badenoch, J., Rengasamy, E. R., Watson, C. J., Jansen, K., Chakraborty, S., Sundaram, R. D., Hafeez, D., Burchill, E., Saini, A., Thomas, L., et al. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab297 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study
Borch, L., Holm, M., Knudsen, M., Ellermann‐Eriksen, S., & Hagstrøm, S. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Salamanna, F., Veronesi, F., Martini, L., Landini, M. P., & Fini, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.653516 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Montani, D., Savale, L., Noël, N., Meyrignac, O., Colle, R., Gasnier, M., Corruble, E., Beurnier, A., Jutant, E., Pham, T. O., et al. (2022) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0185-2021 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Komaroff, A. L., & Lipkin, W. I. (2021) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2021.06.002 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Will COVID-19 Lead to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
Komaroff, A. L., & Bateman, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.606824 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review
Anaya, J., Rojas, M., Salinas, M., Rodríguez, Y., Roa, G., Lozano, M., Rodríguez-Jimenez, M., Montoya, N., Zapata, E., Monsalve, D., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102947 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: Potential Contributing Factors
Rudroff, T., Fietsam, A. C., Deters, J. R., Bryant, A., & Kamholz, J. A. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10121012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Sex differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection and in long COVID syndrome: a review
Sylvester, S. V., Rusu, R., Chan, B., Bellows, M., O’Keefe, C., & Nicholson, S. (2022) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2081454 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
More Than 50 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPreprint
López‐León, S., Wegman-Ostrosky, T., Perelman, C., Sepúlveda, R., Rebolledo, P. A., Cuapio, A., & Villapol, S. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-266574/v1 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Long COVID and Post-infective Fatigue Syndrome: A Review
Sandler, C. X., Wyller, V. B., Moss-Morris, R. E., Buchwald, D., Crawley, E. M., Hautvast, J. L. A., Katz, B. Z., Knoop, H., Little, P. S., Taylor, R. R., et al. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab440 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Long COVID Through a Public Health Lens: An Umbrella Review
Nittas, V., Gao, M., West, E., Ballouz, T., Menges, D., Hanson, S. W., & Puhan, M. A. (2022) · Public health reviews · doi:10.3389/phrs.2022.1604501 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
More Than 100 Persistent Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (Long COVID): A Scoping Review
Hayes, L. D., Ingram, J., & Sculthorpe, N. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.750378 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis
Yong, S. J. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00793 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Townsend, L., Fogarty, H., Dyer, A. H., Martín‐Loeches, I., Bannan, C., Nadarajan, P., Bergin, C. J., O’Farrelly, C., Conlon, N. P., Bourke, N. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15267 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationLong COVID and the role of physical activity: a qualitative study
Humphreys, H., Kilby, L., Kudiersky, N., & Copeland, R. J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047632 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Poletti, S., & Benedetti, F. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00931-3 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue
Theoharides, T. C., Cholevas, C., Polyzoidis, K. S., & Politis, A. M. (2021) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1726 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Long-Term Impact of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis
Sanchez‐Ramirez, D. C., Normand, K., Yang, Z., & Torres‐Castro, R. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080900 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Long Covid-19: Proposed Primary Care Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Disease Management
Sisó‐Almirall, A., Brito‐Zerón, P., Conangla, L., Kostov, B., Moragas, A., Mestres, J., Sellarès, J., Galindo, G., Morera, R., Basora, J., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18084350 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Acute and persistent symptoms in non-hospitalized PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients
Bliddal, S., Banasik, K., Pedersen, O. B., Nissen, J., Cantwell, L., Schwinn, M., Tulstrup, M., Westergaard, D., Ullum, H., Brunak, S., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92045-x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Vanderlind, W. M., Rabinovitz, B. B., Miao, I. Y., Oberlin, L. E., Castellano, C. B., Fridman, C. B., Jaywant, A., & Kanellopoulos, D. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000713 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The Neurological Manifestations of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Moghimi, N., Napoli, M. D., Biller, J., Siegler, J. E., Shekhar, R., McCullough, L. D., Harkins, M. S., Hong, E., Alaouieh, D., Mansueto, G., et al. (2021) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-021-01130-1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
COVID-19 sequelae in adults aged less than 50 years: A systematic review
Willi, S., Lüthold, R. V., Hunt, A., Hänggi, N. V., Sejdiu, D., Scaff, C., Bender, N., Staub, K., & Schlagenhauf, P. (2021) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.101995 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19
Poyraz, B., Poyraz, C., Olğun, Y., Gürel, Ö., Alkan, S., Özdemir, Y., Balkan, I., & Karaali, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113604 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Sukocheva, O. A., Maksoud, R., Beeraka, N. M., Madhunapantula, S. V., Sinelnikov, M. Y., Nikolenko, V. N., Евгеньевна, Н. М., Klochkov, S. G., Kamal, M. A., Staines, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.013 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a narrative review
Poenaru, S., Abdallah, S. J., Corrales‐Medina, V., & Cowan, J. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/20499361211009385 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Long-term neurological manifestations of COVID-19: prevalence and predictive factors
Pilotto, A., Cristillo, V., Piccinelli, S. C., Zoppi, N., Bonzi, G., Sattin, D., Schiavolin, S., Raggi, A., Canale, A., Gipponi, S., et al. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05586-4 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 induced by infection or vaccination
Dopico, X. C., Ols, S., Loré, K., & Hedestam, G. B. K. (2021) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13372 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 syndrome, low-grade inflammation and inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional study
Maamar, M., Artime, A., Rodrigo, E., Fierro, P., Ruiz, Y., Gutiérrez, S., González, R., Bustamante, E., Pinedo, G., Rodríguez, B., et al. (2022) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2042991 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Gyöngyösi, M., Alcaide, P., Asselbergs, F. W., Brundel, B. J. J. M., Camici, G. G., Martins, P. A. D. C., Ferdinandy, P., Fontana, M., Girão, H., Gnecchi, M., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac115 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Fatigue and cognitive impairment after COVID-19: A prospective multicentre study
Hartung, T. J., Neumann, C., Bahmer, T. J., Chaplinskaya-Sobol, I., Endres, M., Geritz, J., Hæusler, K. G., Heuschmann, P. U., Hildesheim, H., Hinz, A., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101651 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
S1-Leitlinie Post-COVID/Long-COVID
Koczulla, A. R., Ankermann, T., Behrends, U., Berlit, P., Böing, S., Brinkmann, F., Franke, C., Glöckl, R., Gogoll, C., Hummel, T. R., et al. (2021) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-1551-9734 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Romero-Duarte, Á., Rivera‐Izquierdo, M., de Alba, I. G.-F., Pérez-Contreras, M., Fernández‐Martínez, N. F., Ruiz-Montero, R., Serrano-Ortiz, Á., Ortiz-González-Serna, R., Salcedo-Leal, I., Jiménez-Mejías, E., et al. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02003-7 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Haran, J. P., Bradley, E. S., Zeamer, A. L., Cincotta, L., Salive, M.-C., Dutta, P., Mutaawe, S., Anya, O., Meza-Segura, M., Moormann, A. M., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.152346 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Stavem, K., Ghanima, W., Olsen, M. K., Gilboe, H. M., & Einvik, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042030 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bilich, T., Nelde, A., Heitmann, J. S., Maringer, Y., Roerden, M., Bauer, J., Rieth, J., Wacker, M., Peter, A., Hörber, S., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf7517 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Jennings, G., Monaghan, A., Feng, X., Mockler, D., & Romero‐Ortuño, R. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10245913 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study of COVID-19 Sequelae and Immunity: Baseline Findings
Sneller, M. C., Liang, C., Marques, A. R., Chung, J. Y., Shanbhag, S. M., Fontana, J. R., Raza, H., Okeke, O., Dewar, R. L., Higgins, B. P., et al. (2022) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-4905 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 fatigue: a systematic review
Joli, J., Buck, P., Zipfel, S., & Stengel, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947973 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?
Theoharides, T. C. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): An Overview
Deumer, U.-S., Varesi, A., Floris, V., Savioli, G., Mantovani, E., López-Carrasco, P., Rosati, G. M., Prasad, S., & Ricevuti, G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10204786 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Neuropsychological deficits in patients with cognitive complaints after COVID‐19
García‐Sánchez, C., Calabria, M., Grunden, N., Pons, C., Arroyo, J. A., Gómez‐Ansón, B., Lleó, A., Alcolea, D. A., Belvís, R., Morollón, N., et al. (2022) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2508 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Why the Patient-Made Term 'Long Covid' is needed
Perego, E., Callard, F. J., Stras, L., Melville-Jóhannesson, B., Pope, R., & Alwan, N. A. (2020) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16307.1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Surviving COVID-19 in Bergamo province: a post-acute outpatient re-evaluation
Venturelli, S., Benatti, S. V., Casati, M., Binda, F., Zuglian, G., Imeri, G., Conti, C., Biffi, A. M., Spada, M. S., Bondi, E., et al. (2021) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268821000145 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Psychiatric and neurological complications of long COVID
Zawilska, J. B., & Kuczyńska, K. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.045 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in patients after 12 months from COVID-19 infection in Korea
Kim, Y., Bitna-Ha, Kim, S., Chang, H., Kwon, K. T., Bae, S., & Hwang, S. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07062-6 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Long COVID
Woodrow, M., Carey, C., Ziauddeen, N., Thomas, R., Akrami, A., Lutje, V., Greenwood, D. C., & Alwan, N. A. (2023) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad233 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Rando, H. M., Bennett, T. D., Byrd, J. B., Bramante, C. T., Callahan, T. J., Chute, C. G., Davis, H., Deer, R., Gagnier, J. J., Koraishy, F. M., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.20.21253896 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sex‐based differences in severity and mortality in COVID‐19
Alwani, M. M., Yassin, A. A., Al‐Zoubi, R. M., Aboumarzouk, O. M., Nettleship, J. E., Kelly, D. M., Al-Qudimat, A. R., & Shabsigh, R. (2021) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2223 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Italia, L., Tomasoni, D., Bisegna, S., Pancaldi, E., Stretti, L., Adamo, M., & Metra, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.713560 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Long COVID‐19: Objectifying most self‐reported neurological symptoms
Bungenberg, J., Humkamp, K., Hohenfeld, C., Rust, M. I., Ermis, U., Dreher, M., Hartmann, N. K., Marx, G., Binkofski, F., Finke, C., et al. (2022) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51496 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Razak, R. S. A., Ismail, A., Aziz, A. F. A., Suddin, L. S., Azzeri, A. B., & Sha’ari, N. I. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19264-5 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Tran, V.-T., Riveros, C., Clepier, B., Desvarieux, M., Collet, C., Yordanov, Y., & Ravaud, P. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab352 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 fatigue: the contribution of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms
Calabria, M., García‐Sánchez, C., Grunden, N., Pons, C., Arroyo, J. A., Gómez‐Ansón, B., García, M. D. C. E., Belvís, R., Morollón, N., Igual, J. V., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11141-8 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective
Batiha, G. E., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., & Welson, N. N. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01891-2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Neuropsychologic Profiles and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Neurocognitive Long COVID Syndrome
Dreßing, A., Bormann, T., Blazhenets, G., Schröter, N., Walter, L. I., Thurow, J., August, D., Hilger, H., Stete, K., Gerstacker, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.262677 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Hejbøl, E. K., Harbo, T., Agergaard, J., Madsen, L. B., Pedersen, T. H., Østergaard, L. J., Andersen, H., Schrøder, H. D., & Tankişi, H. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15435 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Post–COVID-19 Conditions Among Children 90 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Funk, A. L., Kuppermann, N., Florin, T. A., Tancredi, D. J., Xie, J., Kim, K., Finkelstein, Y., Neuman, M. I., Salvadori, M. I., Yock‐Corrales, A., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23253 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Munipalli, B., Seim, L. A., Dawson, N. L., Knight, D. R. T., & Dabrh, A. M. A. (2022) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-022-01167-4 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
González-Hermosillo, J. A., Martínez-López, J., Carrillo-Lampón, S. A., Ruiz-Ojeda, D., Herrera-Ramírez, S., Amezcua-Guerra, L. M., & Martínez-Alvarado, M. R. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060760 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Koczulla, A. R., Ankermann, T., Behrends, U., Berlit, P., Berner, R., Böing, S., Brinkmann, F., Frank, U., Franke, C., Glöckl, R., et al. (2022) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-1946-3230 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Six Month Follow-up of Patients With Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Capone, C. A., Misra, N., Ganigara, M., Epstein, S. M., Rajan, S., Acharya, S. S., Hayes, D. A., Kearney, M. B., Romano, A., Friedman, R. A., et al. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-050973 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Salari, N., Khodayari, Y., Far, A. H., Zarei, H., Rasoulpoor, S., Akbari, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2022) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-022-00250-5 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Amdal, C. D., Pe, M. L., Falk, R. S., Piccinin, C., Bottomley, A., Arrarás, J. I., Darlington, A., Hofsø, K., Holzner, B., Jørgensen, N. M. H., et al. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02908-z · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Tleyjeh, I. M., Saddik, B. A., AlSwaidan, N., Alanazi, A. S., Ramakrishnan, R. K., Alhazmi, D., Aloufi, A., AlSumait, F., Berbari, E. F., & Halwani, R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260568 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Lawler, N. G., Gray, N., Kimhofer, T., Boughton, B. A., Gay, M. C. L., Yang, R., Morillon, A.-C., Chin, S., Ryan, M., Begum, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00052 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Palacios‐Ceña, D., Gómez‐Mayordomo, V., Palacios‐Ceña, M., Rodríguez‐Jiménez, J., De-la-Llave-Rincón, A. I., Velasco-Arribas, M., Fuensalida‐Novo, S., Ambite‐Quesada, S., Guijarro, C., et al. (2021) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000518854 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Pinzon, R. T., Wijaya, V. O., Jody, A. A., Nunsio, P. N., & Buana, R. B. (2022) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.013 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
COVID-19 symptoms over time: comparing long-haulers to ME/CFS
Jason, L. A., Islam, M. F., Conroy, K. E., Cotler, J. H., Torres, C., Johnson, M., & Mabie, B. (2021) · Fatigue Biomedicine Health & Behavior · doi:10.1080/21641846.2021.1922140 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Female-Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post-COVID Syndrome
Ganesh, R., Grach, S. L., Ghosh, A. K., Bierle, D. M., Salonen, B. R., Collins, N. M., Joshi, A. Y., Boeder, N., Anstine, C. V., Mueller, M. R., et al. (2022) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.11.033 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Epidemiological and clinical perspectives of long COVID syndrome
Huerne, K., Filion, K. B., Grad, R. M., Ernst, P., Gershon, A. S., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2023) · American Journal of Medicine Open · doi:10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100033 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Todt, B. C., Szlejf, C., Duim, E., Linhares, A. O. M., Kogiso, D., Varela, G., Campos, B. A., Fonseca, C. M. B., Polesso, L. E., Bordon, I. N. S., et al. (2021) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106453 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
- Authors
- Townsend, L., Dyer, A. H., Jones, K., Dunne, J., Mooney, A., Gaffney, F., O'Connor, L., Leavy, D., O'Brien, K., Dowds, J., Sugrue, J. A., Hopkins, D., Martin-Loeches, I., Ni Cheallaigh, C., Nadarajan, P., McLaughlin, A. M., Bourke, N. M., Bergin, C., O'Farrelly, C., Bannan, C., & Conlon, N.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- St. James's Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Townsend, Liam
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2020-11-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e0240784
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7652254
- OpenAlex
- W3102327145
- Cited by
- 911
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 190 · 2022: 242 · 2021: 244 · 2020: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 74.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (203930/B/16/Z)
- Health Research Board (203930/B/16/Z)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- post-COVID-19 fatigue, persistent fatigue, COVID-19 pandemic, post-viral fatigue, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, COVID-19 severity, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, peripheral immune activation, depression, anxiety, sex differences, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Aged, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Severity of Illness Index, Interleukin-6, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
