Recurrent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review and Single-Center Experience
Open accessAbstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequently observed complication of pregnancy and is associated with an elevated risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Many women with GDM will go on to have future pregnancies, and these pregnancies may or may not be affected by GDM. We conducted a literature search, and based on data from key studies retrieved during the search, we describe the epidemiology of GDM recurrence. This includes a summary of the observed clinical risk factors of increasing maternal age, weight, ethnicity, and requirement for insulin in the index pregnancy. We then present our data from Mayo Clinic (January 2013–December 2017) which identifies a GDM recurrence rate of 47.6%, and illustrates the relevance of population-based studies to clinical practice. Lastly, we examine the available evidence on strategies to prevent GDM recurrence, and note that more research is needed to evaluate the effect of interventions before, during and after pregnancy.
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The risk of GDM recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy is around 50%.
“This is despite the well‐recognised risk of GDM recurrence of around 50% in a subsequent pregnancy [19, 20].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
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Raucher, S. L., Lu, L., Merchant, T. S., Soyemi, E., Niznik, C. M., Saber, R., Yeh, C., & Yee, L. M. (2026) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/84061
Garg, R. (2026) · Environmental Disease · doi:10.4103/ed.ed_4_26
Fuglsang, J., Kampmann, U., Johnsen, S. K., McIntyre, D. H., & Ovesen, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13265-0.00007-0
- Authors
- Egan, A. M., Enninga, E. A. L., Alrahmani, L., Weaver, A. L., Sarras, M. P., & Ruano, R.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Loyola University Medical Center (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- Egan, Aoife M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-02-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 569
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7913262
- OpenAlex
- W3128509427
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DK092721 and HD065987)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, recurrence, subsequent pregnancy, risk factors, maternal age, maternal weight, ethnicity, insulin requirement, recurrence prevention
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