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Cited by 20Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementPregnancy and Medication ImpactBirth, Development, and Health

Prognosis Associated with Sub-Types of Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy

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Cosson, Emmanuel, Bentounes, Sid Ahmed, Nachtergaele, Charlotte, Berkane, Narimane, Pinto, Sara, Sal, Meriem, Bihan, Hélène, Tatulashvili, Sopio +3 more·2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine
DOI 10.3390/jcm10173904PMC PMC8432067
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Abstract

We aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in 4665 women according to the following types of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy sub-types: (i) normoglycaemia, (ii) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), (iii) diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), (iv) early-diagnosed (i.e., <22 weeks of gestation) GDM (eGDM), and (v) early-diagnosed DIP (eDIP). The prevalence of normoglycaemia, eGDM, eDIP, GDM, and DIP was 76.4%, 10.8%, 0.6%, 11.7%, and 0.6%, respectively. With regard to pregnancy outcomes, gestational weight gain (11.5 ± 5.5, 9.0 ± 5.4, 8.3 ± 4.7, 10.4 ± 5.3, and 10.1 ± 5.0 kg, p < 0.0001) and insulin requirement (none, 46.0%, 88.5%, 25.5%, and 51.7%; p < 0.001) differed according to the glycaemic sub-types. eGDM and eDIP were associated with higher rates of infant malformation. After adjustment for confounders, with normoglycaemia as the reference, only GDM was associated with large-for-gestational-age infant (odds ratio 1.34 (95% interval confidence 1.01–1.78) and only DIP was associated with hypertensive disorders (OR 3.48 (1.26–9.57)). To conclude, early-diagnosed hyperglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of malformation, suggesting that it was sometimes present at conception. Women with GDM, but not those with eGDM, had an increased risk of having a large-for-gestational-age infant, possibly because those with eGDM were treated early and therefore had less gestational weight gain. Women with DIP might benefit from specific surveillance for hypertensive disorders.

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  • In France, the gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was approximately 5% in 2004-2005, 11.6% in 2013, and up to 22.5% in 2016.

    “It has had an influence on the GDM prevalence, which was estimated at approximately 5% in 2004–2005 [112], 11.6% in 2013 [113], and even up to 22.5% in 2016 [114].”

    From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [114]

    The Results (§3.1, page unavailable) report 10.8% early-diagnosed GDM and 11.7% later-diagnosed GDM, totaling 22.5%. But this is a selected cohort at one hospital near Paris across 2012–2016, not a France-wide prevalence estimate for 2016. The earlier percentages have separate citations in the citing sentence and are not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Cosson, E., Bentounes, S. A., Nachtergaele, C., Berkane, N., Pinto, S., Sal, M., Bihan, H., Tatulashvili, S., Portal, J.-J., Carbillon, L., & Vicaut, E.
Affiliations
  • Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (FR)
  • Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
  • Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (FR)
  • AP-HP, Clinical Research Unit St-Louis-Lariboisière, Denis Diderot University, 75010 Paris, France
Corresponding author
Cosson, Emmanuel
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-08-30
Volume
10
Issue
17
Pages
3904
ISSN
2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jcm10173904
PMC
PMC8432067
OpenAlex
W3197940795
Cited by
20
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3
FWCI
2.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
lilly france (NA)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
hyperglycemia in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes in pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, gestational weight gain, insulin requirement, large for gestational age, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

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