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Cited by 62Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsObesity, Physical Activity, DietBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Waist Circumference and All-Cause Mortality Independent of Body Mass Index in Korean Population from the National Health Insurance Health Checkup 2009–2015

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Kim, Yang-Hyun, Kim, Seon Mee, Han, Kyung-Do, Jung, Jin-Hyung, Lee, Seong-Su, Oh, Sang Woo, Park, Hye Soon, Rhee, Eun-Jung +2 more·2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine
DOI 10.3390/jcm8010072PMC PMC6352259
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Abstract

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is an index of abdominal obesity and associated with co-morbidities and mortality. Higher WC is positively associated with increased mortality; therefore, we examined the relationship between WC and mortality in Korean populations with the interaction of body mass index (BMI) and WC for mortality. Methods: A total of 23,263,878 subjects (men = 11,813,850 and women = 11,450,028) who were older than 20 years and underwent the National Health Insurance Service health checkup were included. WC was divided into six categories by 5 cm increments and level 3 (85–90 cm in men and 80–85 cm in women) was referenced. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality according to the six levels of WC. Results: WC in 5 cm increments showed a positively increased all-cause mortality after adjusting for all covariates including BMI. Men showed higher HRs for mortality than women as WC increased, and the HRs were higher in the lower WC levels, but lower in the higher WC levels among the subjects aged 65–85 years than subjects aged 40–65 years. Even in subjects with normal weight and overweight, increased WC (levels 4, 5, and 6) showed increased HRs for mortality (HRs = 1.156, 1.412, and 1.614 in normal BMI and 1.145, 1.401, and 1.909 in overweight, respectively). Conclusion: There was a linear association between WC and all-cause mortality across all BMI categories even in the subjects with normal or overweight BMI. Physicians should check WC routinely even in the subjects with normal weight or overweight.

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Authors
Kim, Y.-H., Kim, S. M., Han, K.-D., Jung, J.-H., Lee, S.-S., Oh, S. W., Park, H. S., Rhee, E.-J., Lee, W.-Y., & Yoo, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Korea University (KR)
  • Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Korea
  • Catholic University of Korea (KR)
  • Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Sosa-ro 327, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Korea
  • Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital (KR)
  • University of Ulsan (KR)
  • Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Lee, Won-Young
  • Yoo, Soon Jib
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-01-10
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
72
ISSN
2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jcm8010072
PMC
PMC6352259
OpenAlex
W2909781075
Cited by
62
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6
FWCI
5.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • the Korean Health Technology and Research and Development project, Ministry of Health and Welfare (HC16C2285)
  • the Ministry of Science and ICT (2017-0-00588)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords
waist circumference, all-cause mortality, body mass index, abdominal obesity, normal weight, overweight, sex differences, age differences, Korean population, health checkups

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