A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Mindfulness Based Interventions on Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Markers
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) have recently been increasingly used in clinical settings, and research regarding their effects on health has grown rapidly. However, with regard to the physiological effects of mindfulness practices, studies have reported associations that vary in strength and direction. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically identify, appraise, and summarize the existing data from randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that examine physiological effects of the standardized MBIs by focusing on pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein, and commonly used heart rate variability parameters. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (via Ovid), PsychINFO (via Ovid), PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest (Dissertations and Theses), and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The systematic review identified 10 studies to be included in the meta-analysis, comprising in total 607 participants. The meta-analysis ended up with mixed and inconclusive results. This was assumedly due to the small number of the original studies and, in particular, to the lack of large, rigorously conducted RCTs. Therefore, the current meta-analysis highlights the necessity of larger, more rigorously conducted RCTs on physiological outcomes with standardized MBIs being compared to various forms of active controls, and with more long-term follow-ups.
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Potential confounds such as physical activity, yoga, meditation, and other lifestyle factors may contribute to the present results.
“Even though we controlled for sleep quality and quantity and BMI, there are also potential confounds that may contribute to the present results, such as the practice of physical activity83, yoga84 or meditation85 and other lifestyle factors that are likely to influence HRV86,such as sedentariness87, a factor that is independent of physical inactivity88.”
From Benefits from one session of deep and slow breathing on vagal tone and anxiety in young and older adults (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Rådmark, L., Sidorchuk, A., Osika, W., & Niemi, M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Region Stockholm (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Sidorchuk, Anna
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-10-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1638
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6833066
- OpenAlex
- W2978455156
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, heart rate variability, inflammatory markers, inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, autonomic nervous system
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