Psychological Mechanisms of Mindfulness-Based Interventions: What Do We Know?
Abstract
Little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). In the present review, we suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may enhance positive emotional regulation strategies, as well as self-compassion levels, and decrease rumination and experiential avoidance. These changes are, in turn, associated with several clinical benefits including the reduction of stress and depression levels, as well as the enhancement of positive emotions. Limitations and potential applications of these findings are discussed.
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Preliminary evidence from mindfulness meditation studies suggests improvements in cognitive distortions, increases in mindfulness and emotion regulation, and decreases in avoidance of emotional experience.
“Across studies of mindfulness meditation, there is preliminary evidence for improvement in cognitive distortions (Sears & Kraus, 2009), and increases in mindfulness and emotion regulation, as well as decreases in avoidance of emotional experience (Chiesa, Anselmi, & Serretti, 2014).”
From Group CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. (2016) · cites this paper as Chiesa, Anselmi, & Serretti, 2014
Mindfulness interventions are recognized as significantly reducing rumination and experiential avoidance, which in turn decreases depressive symptoms.
“Moreover, mindfulness interventions have been recognised as playing a significant role in reducing rumination and experiential avoidance, subsequently resulting in decreased depressive symptoms (Chiesa et al., 2014).”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Chiesa et al., 2014
The reduction in experiential avoidance found here aligns with the results of Chiesa et al. (2014).
“The findings in this study included a reduction in experiential avoidance, which is consistent with the findings reported by Chiesa et al. (2014) but contradicts Hazlett-Stevens andOren's (2017) bibliotherapy mindfulness-based intervention outcomes.”
From A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution (2018) · cites this paper as Chiesa et al., 2014
Conceptual models of psychopathology and prominent perspectives on MBIs have consistently proposed key underlying psychological processes such as emotion regulation and mindfulness skills.
“Conceptual models of psychopathology and prominent perspectives on MBIs have consistently proposed certain key underlying psychological processes, such as emotion regulation and mindfulness skills [5,24,42,43,44,45,48,50,63,64,65,66].”
These changes are associated with several clinical benefits, including reduction of stress and depression levels and enhancement of positive emotions.
“They suggested that these changes are associated with several clinical benefits, including the reduction of stress and depression levels, as well as the enhancement of positive emotions.”
Mindfulness-based interventions may enhance positive emotion regulation strategies and self-compassion levels, and decrease rumination and experiential avoidance.
“In a recent review Chiesa and Serretti [19] suggested that mindfulness-based interventions may enhance positive emotion regulation strategies, as well as self-compassion levels, and decrease rumination and experiential avoidance.”
From The efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a public mental health intervention for adults with mild to moderate depressive symptomatology: A randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as Chiesa and Serretti [19]
As of the paper's writing, neither emotional reactivity to physiological arousal nor emotional reactivity to executive-functioning lapses had been examined in research on the mechanisms of MBIs.
“To date, neither process has been studied in the growing literature on psychological mechanisms of MBIs (see Chiesa, Anselmi, & Serretti, 2014; Gu, Strauss, Bond, & Cavanagh, 2015)”
From Dispositional Mindfulness Uncouples Physiological and Emotional Reactivity to a Laboratory Stressor and Emotional Reactivity to Executive Functioning Lapses in Daily Life (2016) · cites this paper as Chiesa, Anselmi, & Serretti, 2014
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Examining a model of dispositional mindfulness, body comparison, and body satisfaction
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Self-citationComponent Analysis of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training
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“Although Chiesa, Anselmi, and Serretti (2014) recently published a narrative review of the literature on psychological mechanisms of MBIs, their review did not document a systematic, replicable literature search strategy, examined case control and uncontrolled studies alongside RCTs, the former of…”
BackgroundGroup CBT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
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“The increase of psychological flexibility and mindfulness that mediated the effects of MBCT on depressive symptomatology suggests that participants have gained additional adaptive emotion regulation skills in response to negative affect-producing stressors [19,54].”
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Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults
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Mechanisms of Change in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Adults With ADHD
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Self-Acceptance Mediates the Relationship between Mindfulness and Perceived Stress
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Ayahuasca may help to improve self‐compassion and self‐criticism capacities
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A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution
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The decentering component of mindfulness reduces reactions to mental imagery.
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The Effect of Mindfulness Breathing Meditation on Psychological Well-being
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Training for Mindfulness Teachers: Benefits for Mindfulness, Well-being, and Emotion Regulation
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Mindfulness Scholarship and Interventions: A Review
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Religious and Existential Determinants of Affective Response to a Brief Mindfulness Intervention
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Does Brief Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditation Affect the Attentional Blink?
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
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“…and negative emotional characteristics and social processes such as intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance, positive affect, self-compassion, and relationship satisfaction (Chiesa et al., 2014; Galhardo et al., 2019; Khaddouma et al., 2017; Victorson et al., 2017; Zautra et al., 2008).”
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“…on MBIs have consistently proposed certain key underlying psychological processes, such as emotion regulation and mindfulness skills [5,24,42–45, 48 In the MB intervention, reductions in psychopathology are associated with the disruption of perseverative thought patterns and the creation…”
BackgroundMethodExpanding the Reach of Mindfulness: A Mechanistic Approach and AI Applications
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- Authors
- Chiesa, A., Anselmi, R., & Serretti, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Messina (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Chiesa, Alberto
- Venue
- Holistic Nursing Practice
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 124-148
- ISSN
- 0887-9311 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988235217
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Holistic Nursing Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, psychological mechanisms, self-compassion, rumination, experiential avoidance, stress reduction, depression, positive emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Complementary Therapies, Cognition, Emotions, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Self Concept, Treatment Outcome, Mindfulness
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