Cited by 136Non-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionHemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cuffless Single-Site Photoplethysmography for Blood Pressure Monitoring

Open access

Abstract

One in three adults worldwide has hypertension, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a global demand for continuous and non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurements that are convenient, easy to use, and more accurate than the currently available methods for detecting hypertension. This could easily be achieved through the integration of single-site photoplethysmography (PPG) readings into wearable devices, although improved reliability and an understanding of BP estimation accuracy are essential. This review paper focuses on understanding the features of PPG associated with BP and examines the development of this technology over the 2010–2019 period in terms of validation, sample size, diversity of subjects, and datasets used. Challenges and opportunities to move single-site PPG forward are also discussed.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/jcm9030723

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 Photoplethysmogram features and measurement sites of single-source photoplethysmography (PPG) in studies conducted between January 2010 and January 2019.
Figure 1 Photoplethysmogram features and measurement sites of single-source photoplethysmography (PPG) in studies conducted between January 2010 and January 2019.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Flow diagram of the exclusion criteria used in this study. From the initial search total (n = 5217), 5192 studies were excluded, and 25 studies were identified.
Figure 2 Flow diagram of the exclusion criteria used in this study. From the initial search total (n = 5217), 5192 studies were excluded, and 25 studies were identified.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Overall trend of publications that utilized single-measurement PPG to estimate BP from January 2010 to January 2019.
Figure 3 Overall trend of publications that utilized single-measurement PPG to estimate BP from January 2010 to January 2019.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Pie chart of the hemodynamic status of participants in single-measurement PPG studies from January 2010 to January 2019.
Figure 4 Pie chart of the hemodynamic status of participants in single-measurement PPG studies from January 2010 to January 2019.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Top 5 countries contributing single-site measurement PPG studies between January 2010 and January 2019. We recommend collaboration between research groups in these countries to identify an optimal approach to BP measurement using single-measurement PPG.
Figure 5 Top 5 countries contributing single-site measurement PPG studies between January 2010 and January 2019. We recommend collaboration between research groups in these countries to identify an optimal approach to BP measurement using single-measurement PPG.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Pie chart of the percentage of studies published between January 2010 and January 2019 that used an automated BP (ABP) cuff, manual BP cuff, or invasive approach as a gold standard. Studies that did not disclose their gold standard method were classified as “not reported” (N/R). Usage of the ABP cuff as the gold standard could be used to assess the validity of PPG in estimating BP from an outpatient setting, while the use of intra-arterial catheters could be used to assess the validity of PPG in an inpatient hospitalized setting (e.g., in critical care units).
Figure 6 Pie chart of the percentage of studies published between January 2010 and January 2019 that used an automated BP (ABP) cuff, manual BP cuff, or invasive approach as a gold standard. Studies that did not disclose their gold standard method were classified as “not reported” (N/R). Usage of the ABP cuff as the gold standard could be used to assess the validity of PPG in estimating BP from an outpatient setting, while the use of intra-arterial catheters could be used to assess the validity of PPG in an inpatient hospitalized setting (e.g., in critical care units).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Albert, R., Vogt, W., and Helbig, W. (1973). Photoelectric measurement of blood pressure and flow in the finger. The Digest of 10th Inernational Conference of Medical Biological Engineering, Dresden, GDR, Germany, 13–17 August, 1973, The Conference Committee.

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Metadata

Authors
Hosanee, M., Chan, G., Welykholowa, K., Cooper, R., Kyriacou, P. A., Zheng, D., Allen, J., Abbott, D., Menon, C., Lovell, N. H., Howard, N., Chan, W.-S., Lim, K., Fletcher, R., Ward, R., & Elgendi, M.
Affiliations
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • City, University of London (GB)
  • Coventry University (GB)
  • Freeman Hospital (GB)
  • The University of Adelaide (AU)
  • Simon Fraser University (CA)
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Corresponding author
Elgendi, Mohamed
Venue
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-03-07
Volume
9
Issue
3
Pages
723
ISSN
2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3009202705
Cited by
136
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 8
FWCI
2.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure (Coventry University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Summit (Simon Fraser University) (submittedVersion)
  • cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Summit (Simon Fraser University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Open Collections
Funders
  • Canada Research Chair (CRC)
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2014-04462)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
Keywords
cuffless blood pressure measurement, non-invasive blood pressure estimation, hypertension detection, wearable devices

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