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Cited by 13Sports Analytics and PerformanceSports Performance and TrainingSport Psychology and Performance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 56 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

The Influence of Home-Court Advantage in Elite Basketball: A Systematic Review

Open access
Mochales Cuesta, Ignacio, Jiménez-Sáiz, Sergio L., Kelly, Adam L., Bustamante-Sánchez, Álvaro·2024·Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
DOI 10.3390/jfmk9040192PMC PMC11503446
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Abstract

Background: This systematic review analyzes the factors that influence home advantage in basketball across various competitions in the United States and Europe. Methods: Through an investigation of English- and Spanish-language articles published in EBSCO, Scopus, Consensus, and Web of Science between 2010 and 2024 related to home advantage in basketball, 1682 articles were initially identified. After applying specific filters to ensure that only articles concerning National Basketball Association (NBA), Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA), Euroleague, Spanish basketball, and European basketball were considered, 39 articles met the final requirements for in-depth analysis. Results: The studies analyzed in this review suggested that player performance, player position, and sleep influenced home advantage in competitions in Europe and the United States. Fan behavior had a bigger impact in European competitions, where teams from capital cities have a lower home advantage. In the United States, where teams must travel long distances to play, several studies indicated that teams traveling eastwards tend to perform more strongly than teams traveling westwards. Also of note is that, in many cases, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions reduced home advantage. Conclusions: This review identifies factors contributing to home advantage in basketball, compares competitions in different regions, and proposes ideas for future research such as a greater focus on women’s competitions, the impact of television, and the introduction of new performance indicators.

Overview

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TL;DR

This PRISMA systematic review synthesizes 39 studies on home-court advantage in elite basketball across the NBA, WNBA, Euroleague, Spanish, and other European competitions. It concludes that player performance, player position, and sleep are common factors across regions, while crowd behavior matters more in Europe and travel distance/direction matters more in the United States.

Key findings

  • Across the reviewed literature, home advantage was a consistent phenomenon in basketball, with factors including player performance, spectators, travel logistics, familiarity with the home court, geography, and sleep.
  • In European leagues, De Angelis and Reade reported a 5.1% reduction in home-winning probability in top European basketball leagues without spectators in 2020, and an 8.3% reduction in Spain; in eight leagues home advantage decreased after COVID-19, with Lega Basket Serie A in Italy showing an 11.3% decrease.
  • In the NBA, Barreira and Morgado analyzed 76 seasons (1946–2022) and found home advantage remained around 65%, with a significant decrease since 1965; García Rubio et al. reported 59.6% home advantage in the NBA between 2006–2007 and 2012–2013.
  • Travel direction was highlighted in the NBA: teams traveling eastward had more assists and higher field-goal percentages and committed more fouls than teams traveling westward, while eastward jet lag negatively impacted away teams and westward jet lag did not show significant impact.
  • Crowd effects were reported in both regions: Ganz and Allsop concluded fans influence home team performance with a 1.69-point increase per game and a difference of 5.7 home wins per season when matches are played with spectators.

Methods

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching EBSCO, Scopus, Consensus, and Web of Science for English- and Spanish-language articles published 2010–2024 on home advantage in basketball.
  • From 1682 initially identified articles, 42 met inclusion criteria; after detailed reading, 3 were excluded for focusing only on one team, leaving 39 articles for in-depth analysis.
  • Included studies covered the NBA, WNBA, Euroleague, Spanish basketball, and European basketball; data extracted included study design, seasons, participant characteristics, statistical methods, and findings, with risk of bias assessed using Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.

Limitations

  • The paper states that future research should address limitations in the reviewed studies, including more focus on women’s competitions, referee bias, television impact, new performance metrics, player/coach/referee/spectator interviews, and international tournaments such as FIBA World Cup, European Championships, Olympic Games, or Euroleague Final Four.
  • The text notes limited coverage of women’s basketball: the results state only one article about women’s basketball was found, while the limitations section says the review found only two articles about women’s basketball.
  • Evident from the text: the review is descriptive and analytical rather than a meta-analysis, and it reports no pooled quantitative effect estimate across studies.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/jfmk9040192

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Figures

Figure 1 PRISMA study flow diagram.
Figure 1 PRISMA study flow diagram.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Risk of bias presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figure 2 Risk of bias presented as percentages across all included studies.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Pollard, 2007, Home advantage analysis in different basketball leagues according to team ability, Iber. Congr. Basketb. Res., 4, 126
  2. Lorenzo, 2012, An Analysis of Home Advantage Effect Affecting the Final Outcome of the Critical Moments in Basketball Games, Rev. Esp. Educ. Fís. Dep., 396, 49
  3. Bourdas, 2022, Home-audience advantage in basketball: Evidence from a natural experiment in Euro League games during the 2019-2021 Covid-19 era, J. Phys. Educ. Sport, 22, 1761
  4. 2015, Effects of Attendance, Crowd Density and Capacity of Arena in Home Advantage According to NBA Conference, Cuad. Psicol. Deporte, 15, 175

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Metadata

Authors
Mochales Cuesta, I., Jiménez-Sáiz, S. L., Kelly, A. L., & Bustamante-Sánchez, Á.
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
  • Sport Sciences Research Centre, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Madrid, Spain
  • Birmingham City University (GB)
  • Universidad Europea de Madrid (ES)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-10-10
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
192
ISSN
2411-5142 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jfmk9040192
PMC
PMC11503446
OpenAlex
W4403300119
Semantic Scholar
4b0d3494799913fe46ca985ce0afaa0fec5331c1
Cited by
13
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8
FWCI
0.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Sports Analytics and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords
home court advantage, basketball, elite basketball, player performance, playing position, sleep, fan behavior, travel distance, COVID-19 pandemic, NBA, WNBA, Euroleague, women's basketball

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.