Tackling the Complexity of the Exposome: Considerations from the Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) Exposome Symposium
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The attempt to describe complex diseases by solely genetic determination has not been successful. There is increasing recognition that the development of disease is often a consequence of interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors. To date, much of the research on environmental determinants of disease has focused on single exposures generally measured at a single time point. In order to address this limitation, the concept of the exposome has been introduced as a comprehensive approach, studying the full complement of environmental exposures from conception onwards. However, exposures are vast, dynamic, and diverse, and only a small proportion can be reasonably measured due to limitations in technology and feasibility. In addition, the interplay between genes and exposure as well as between different exposures is complicated and multifaceted, which leads to difficulties in linking disease or health outcomes with exposures. The large numbers of collected samples require well-designed logistics. Furthermore, the immense data sets generated from exposome studies require a significant computational investment for both data analysis and data storage. This report summarizes discussions during an international exposome symposium held at Gunma University in Japan regarding the concept of the exposome, challenges in exposome research, and future perspectives in the field.
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Exposures during critical developmental periods, such as early childhood, may be especially important and may be distant from the point of study or effect.
“Exposures at critical points in development such as those during early childhood may be especially important and may be distant from the point of study or effect”
From Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade (2021) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Zhang, P., Arora, M., Chaleckis, R., Isobe, T., Jain, M., Meister, I., Melén, E., Perzanowski, M., Torta, F., Wenk, M. R., & Wheelock, C. E.
- Affiliations
- Gunma University (JP)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (JP)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Columbia University (US)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Wheelock, Craig E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Metabolites
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-06-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 106
- ISSN
- 2218-1989 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6631702
- OpenAlex
- W2948930785
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Metabolites (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H06121, 19K21239, 19K17662, P17774)
- Japanese Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (5-1752)
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research ((GIAR))
- Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (JA2017-7040)
- Hjärt-Lungfonden (20170734, 20180290)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2016-02798)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (DP2ES025453, R01ES027595, P30 ES09089)
- European Research Council (757919)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Keywords
- exposome, environmental exposure, gene-environment interaction, complex diseases, exposure measurement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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