Extending the limits of wireless power transfer to miniaturized implantable electronic devices
Open accessAbstract
Implantable electronic devices have been evolving at an astonishing pace, due to the development of fabrication techniques and consequent miniaturization, and a higher efficiency of sensors, actuators, processors and packaging. Implantable devices, with sensing, communication, actuation, and wireless power are of high demand, as they pave the way for new applications and therapies. Long-term and reliable powering of such devices has been a challenge since they were first introduced. This paper presents a review of representative state of the art implantable electronic devices, with wireless power capabilities, ranging from inductive coupling to ultrasounds. The different power transmission mechanisms are compared, to show that, without new methodologies, the power that can be safely transmitted to an implant is reaching its limit. Consequently, a new approach, capable of multiplying the available power inside a brain phantom for the same specific absorption rate (SAR) value, is proposed. In this paper, a setup was implemented to quadruple the power available in the implant, without breaking the SAR limits. A brain phantom was used for concept verification, with both simulation and measurement data.
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MDF can transfer energy over larger distances relative to the size of the transmitter and receiver than inductive coupling, which is limited by mutual inductance between closely spaced coils.
“Unlike inductive coupling, which is limited by the mutual inductance between closely spaced coils, MDF can transfer energy over larger distances relative to the size of the transmitter and receiver.”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Dinis et al., 2017
Section 3.1 explains that inductive coupling depends on coupling between coils and requires the external coil to be close to the implant. Section 3.5 reports larger link distances for midfield transfer. The copy does not establish the more specific comparison of distance relative to both transmitter and receiver size. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMDF is particularly suitable for implants located deeper in the brain.
“This makes it particularly suitable for implants located deeper in the brain (Ho et al., 2014; Dinis et al., 2017; Keerthi et al., 2018).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Dinis et al., 2017
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Magnetic materials power networks of tiny implants in the body
(2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01493-7
Characteristics of Materials for Biomedical Energy Transfer
Golafshan, N., & Kamaei, M. (2026) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837679850-00079
Gallais, J., de Sousa, B. M., & Neto, V. P. D. S. (2026) · Journal of Microwaves Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications · doi:10.1590/2179-10742026v25i2300019
- Authors
- Dinis, H., Colmiais, I., & Mendes, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minho (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Dinis, Hugo
- Venue
- Micromachines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-12-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 359
- ISSN
- 2072-666X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6187913
- OpenAlex
- W2782708173
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Micromachines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (3599/PPCDT, SFRH/BD/116554/2016, PTDC/EEI-TEL/5250/2014)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, implantable electronics, miniaturization, inductive coupling, specific absorption rate, brain phantom, power amplification, implantable sensors
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