Cited by 566Photoreceptor and optogenetics researchNeuroscience and Neural EngineeringWireless Power Transfer Systems

Wirelessly powered, fully internal optogenetics for brain, spinal and peripheral circuits in mice

Open access
Montgomery, Kate L, Yeh, Alexander J, Ho, John S, Tsao, Vivien, Mohan Iyer, Shrivats, Grosenick, Logan, Ferenczi, Emily A, Tanabe, Yuji +3 more·2015·Nature Methods

Abstract

To enable sophisticated optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits throughout the nervous system with limited disruption of animal behavior, light-delivery systems beyond fiber optic tethering and large, head-mounted wireless receivers are desirable. We report the development of an easy-to-construct, implantable wireless optogenetic device. Our smallest version (20 mg, 10 mm3) is two orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported wireless optogenetic systems, allowing the entire device to be implanted subcutaneously. With a radio-frequency (RF) power source and controller, this implant produces sufficient light power for optogenetic stimulation with minimal tissue heating (<1 °C). We show how three adaptations of the implant allow for untethered optogenetic control throughout the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve endings) of behaving mice. This technology opens the door for optogenetic experiments in which animals are able to behave naturally with optogenetic manipulation of both central and peripheral targets.

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  • Optical stimulators for the spinal cord are generally flexible enough to be wraparound or wire-like.

    “Thus, optical stimulators for spinal cord are generally flexible enough to be wraparound or wire-like.[556,569–571]”

    From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [571]

    The Online Methods (Implant construction; page unavailable) describe the spinal stimulator as an LED attached directly to the bottom of a circuit board; the wire extension belongs to the brain and peripheral implants. The Surgical procedures section says the spinal implant was cemented over a hole in the vertebra, rather than wrapped around the cord or implanted as a flexible wire. (LLM, conf=0.80)

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Authors
Montgomery, K. L., Yeh, A. J., Ho, J. S., Tsao, V., Mohan Iyer, S., Grosenick, L., Ferenczi, E. A., Tanabe, Y., Deisseroth, K., Delp, S. L., & Poon, A. S. Y.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Poon, Ada S Y
Venue
Nature Methods
Published
2015-08-17
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
969-974
ISSN
  • 1548-7091 (ISSN-L)
  • 1548-7105
OpenAlex
W2206596356
Cited by
565
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 4
FWCI
24.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Methods (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS080954)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Keywords
brain circuits, spinal cord circuits, peripheral nerve stimulation, subcutaneous implants, tissue heating, behaving mice
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Equipment Design, Female, Light, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Miniaturization, Motor Cortex, Nociceptors, Peripheral Nerves, Spinal Cord, Temperature, Implants, Experimental, Wireless Technology, Optogenetics

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