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The Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target in IBD and Metabolic Disease: A Role for the Bile Acid Receptors FXR and TGR5
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The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating many physiological systems of the host, including the metabolic and immune system. Disturbances in microbiota composition are increasingly correlated with disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that changes in microbiota composition directly affect the metabolism of bile salts. Next to their role in digestion of dietary fats, bile salts function as signaling molecules for bile salt receptors such as Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5). Complementary to their role in metabolism, FXR and TGR5 are shown to play a role in intestinal homeostasis and immune regulation. This review presents an overview of evidence showing that changes in bile salt pool and composition due to changes in gut microbial composition contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic disease, possibly through altered activation of TGR5 and FXR. We further discuss how dietary interventions, such as pro- and synbiotics, may be used to treat metabolic disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through normalization of bile acid dysregulation directly or indirectly through normalization of the intestinal microbiota.
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“In the case of probiotics with typical BSH activity, the process is likely related to the deconjugation of conjugated BAs.32,33”
From Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains KABP011, KABP012, and KABP013 modulate bile acids and cholesterol metabolism in humans (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baars, A., Oosting, A., Knol, J., Garssen, J., & Van Bergenhenegouwen, J.
- Affiliations
- Nutricia Research (Netherlands) (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-10-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 641-666
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5023267
- OpenAlex
- W1894632157
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders, bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor, TGR5, bile salt metabolism, intestinal homeostasis, immune regulation, dietary intervention, microbiota-targeted therapy
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