Bile acid modifications at the microbe-host interface: potential for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical interventions in host health
Open accessAbstract
Bile acids have emerged as important signaling molecules in the host, as they interact either locally or systemically with specific cellular receptors, in particular the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and TGR5. These signaling functions influence systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, immune homeostasis, and intestinal electrolyte balance. Through defined enzymatic activities, the gut microbiota can significantly modify the signaling properties of bile acids and therefore can have an impact upon host health. Alterations to the gut microbiota that influence bile acid metabolism are associated with metabolic disease, obesity, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Clostridium difficile infection, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we examine the regulation of this gut-microbiota-liver axis in the context of bile acid metabolism and indicate how this pathway represents an important target for the development of new nutraceutical (diet and/or probiotics) and targeted pharmaceutical interventions.
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Expansion of microbial BSH activity has increased the diversity of bile acids in the host.
“The expansion of microbial BSH activity has increased the diversity of bile acids in the host (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Joyce and Gahan, 2016
The “Microbial Conversions of Bile Acids” section says BSH produces unconjugated bile acids and enables further microbial modifications; the “Bile Acid Synthesis and Circulation in the Host” section says host and bacterial modifications generate bile-acid diversity. The review also reports that elevated BSH activity can alter bile-acid profiles, but it does not establish that an expansion of BSH activity increased bile-acid diversity in hosts. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMicrobially derived secondary bile acids are hypothesized to be interkingdom signaling molecules due to their ability to influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota as well as host physiology.
“Microbially derived secondary bile acids are hypothesized to be interkingdom signaling molecules due to their ability to influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota as well as host physiology (407, 408).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [408]
Bile that is not re-absorbed in terminal small intestine undergoes further transformation by the intestinal microbiota.
“Bile that is not re-absorbed in terminal small intestine undergoes further transformation by the intestinal microbiota (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
From Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism (2017) · cites this paper as Joyce and Gahan, 2016
Blautia and Bifidobacterium species are involved in the transformation of host bile.
“Furthermore, Blautia and Bifidobacterium species are involved in the transformation of host bile.”
From Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism (2017) · cites this paper as Joyce and Gahan, 2016
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Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Sanders, M. E., Prescott, S. L., Reimer, R. A., Salminen, S. J., Scott, K., Stanton, C., Swanson, K. S., Cani, P. D., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
“Joyce & Gahan 61 demonstrated that elevated bile salt hydrolase activity could promote reduced weight gain in mice and influ ence host pathways involved in lipid metabolism, periph eral circadian rhythm, gut barrier function and immune homeostasis.”
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
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Self-citationMicrobiota-gut-brain axis: Modulator of host metabolism and appetite
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“As for bile acids, the gut microbiota has a dynamic interplay with bile acid metabolism, conversion, and subsequent signaling (149, 163).”
BackgroundGut microbiota derived metabolites in cardiovascular health and disease
Wang, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2018) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-018-0549-0 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“Bile acids are associated with metabolic disease, obesity, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma as well (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
BackgroundThe Human Microbiome and Obesity: Moving beyond Associations
Maruvada, P., Leone, V., Kaplan, L. M., & Chang, E. B. (2017) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.005 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
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“N Bile that is not re-absorbed in terminal small intestine undergoes further transformation by the intestinal microbiota (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
Self-citationThe Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria during Exercise
Clark, A. P., & Mach, N. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00319 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
“FXR mediates carbohydrate metabolism via regulating SIRT1 and Fiaf expression as well as SREBP-1c and ChREBP activation (Kuipers et al., 2014; Joyce and Gahn, 2016) and fatty acid metabolism via PPAR-α activation (Joyce and Gahn, 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialFeeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet–microbiota–gut–brain axis
Schneider, E., O'Riordan, K. J., Clarke, G., & Cryan, J. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01108-6 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
“Various major gut-associated microorganisms, including Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium and Bacteroidetes taxa, express bile salt hydrolase enzymes, allowing them to de-conjugate bile acids from taurine and glycine 151 .”
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Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease
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“Substantial evidence suggests that there is a reciprocal interaction between bile acid metabolisms and intestinal microbiota.15,17 Our study combined genetic predisposition, bile acid and gut microbiota to better understand the interactions between host and environmental factors in the etiology of CRC.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe changing metabolic landscape of bile acids – keys to metabolism and immune regulation
Mohanty, I., Allaband, C., Mannochio-Russo, H., Abiead, Y. E., Hagey, L. R., Knight, R. D., & Dorrestein, P. C. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00914-3 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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The human microbiome in disease and pathology
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“Upon release, the conjugated acids are deconjugated by gut species using microbial bile salt hydrolase, to remove taurine and glycine and enable their downstream processing in the colon into secondary bile acids by other species [45].”
BackgroundInteractive relationships between intestinal flora and bile acids
Guo, X., Okpara, E. S., Hu, W., Yan, C., Wang, Y., Liang, Q., Chiang, J. Y. L., & Han, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158343 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Inside intestinal cells, bile acid binds to ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), allowing for its secretion to the portal vein by basolateral organic solute transporter α/β (OST-α/OST-β) and finally uptake into liver cells by sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion transporting pol…”
BackgroundJoyce, S. A., Kamil, A., Fleige, L. E., & Gahan, C. G. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00171 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Alterations to the range and relative profile of bile acids is a reliable readout of microbial changes in the gut and such changes are particularly evident in disease states including metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and Type II diabetes [see (41, 42) for reviews].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRodríguez‐Nogales, A., Algieri, F., Garrido‐Mesa, J., Vezza, T., Utrilla, M. P., Chueca, N., García, F., Olivares, M. M., Rodríguez‐Cabezas, M. E., & Gálvez, J. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700144 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The Gut Microbial Bile Acid Modulation and Its Relevance to Digestive Health and Diseases
Fogelson, K. A., Dorrestein, P. C., Zarrinpar, A., & Knight, R. (2023) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.022 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“40,42 Although much of this hydrophobic pool of secondary BAs is excreted, enough is absorbed through passive diffusion to change the serum BA pool and act as signaling molecules.”
Tang, Z.-Z., Chen, G., Hong, Q., Huang, S., Smith, H., Shah, R. D., Scholz, M. B., & Ferguson, J. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00454 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“Bile acids are key regulators of hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism, and have been linked to inflammation and metabolic disease (Joyce and Gahan, 2016; Chávez-Talavera et al., 2017).”
BackgroundChen, W., Wei, Y., Xiong, A., Li, Y., Guan, H., Wang, Q., Miao, Q., Bian, Z., Xiao, X., Lian, M., et al. (2020) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-019-08731-2 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Beneficial Bile Acid Metabolism from Lactobacillus plantarum of Food Origin
Prete, R., Long, S. L., Gallardo, A. L., Gahan, C. G., Corsetti, A., & Joyce, S. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58069-5 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationGut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Xiao, L., Liu, Q., Luo, M., & Xiong, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.729346 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Primary BAs are essential for lipid/vitamin digestion and absorption (Joyce and Gahan, 2016; Zheng et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLipid metabolism alteration contributes to and maintains the properties of cancer stem cells
Li, H., Feng, Z., & He, M. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.41388 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“They act as ligands for a family of nuclear receptors (including FXR, VDR, LXR and PXR) and G-protein-coupled receptors [135] [136].”
BackgroundGovindarajan, K., MacSharry, J. A., Casey, P. G., Shanahan, F., Joyce, S. A., & Gahan, C. G. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167319 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“As bile acids are effectively recirculated via the enterohepatic portal system they have the potential to act as systemic signalling molecules in the host [9].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWinston, J. A., & Theriot, C. M. (2016) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.05.003 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Nogales, A., Algieri, F., Garrido‐Mesa, J., Vezza, T., Utrilla, M. P., Chueca, N., García, F., Rodríguez‐Cabezas, M. E., & Gálvez, J. (2018) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.005 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
In vitro and in vivo characterization of Clostridium scindens bile acid transformations
Marion, S., Studer, N., Desharnais, L., Menin, L., Escrig, S., Meibom, A., Hapfelmeier, S., & Bernier‐Latmani, R. (2018) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1549420 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“The microbial transformations undergone by BAs in the gut play an important role in health(5), and modulation of the bile acid pool composition represents a promising avenue for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.(8) Perturbation of the bile acid pool is linked to major metabolic diseases (e.”
BackgroundThe <i>Lactobacillus</i> Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation
O’Flaherty, S., Briner Crawley, A., Theriot, C. M., & Barrangou, R. (2018) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00140-18 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“microbiota to form secondary bile acids (4).”
Pushpass, R.-A. G., Alzoufairi, S., Jackson, K. G., & Lovegrove, J. A. (2021) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422421000081 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Bile acids are significantly modified in the gut by bacterial enzymes (5).”
BackgroundMitochondrial function and gastrointestinal diseases
Haque, P. S., Kapur, N., Barrett, T. A., & Theiss, A. L. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00931-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Another vital feature of commensal gut microbiota is to establish intestinal metabolic and immune homeostasis by conversion of primary (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) to secondary (deoxycholic and lithocholic acid) bile acids 170–172 .”
Diet, gut microbes, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Dolan, K. T., & Chang, E. B. (2016) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600129 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“Bile acid signaling is another point of convergence between the host, gut microbes, and dietary factors which can influence health [73].”
BackgroundDisease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota
Joyce, S. A., & Gahan, C. G. M. (2017) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000450907 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationBile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases
Lin, S., Wang, S., Wang, P., Tang, C., Wang, Z., Chen, L., Luo, G., Chen, H., Liu, Y., Feng, B., et al. (2022) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101210 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Alexander, C., Cross, T.-W., Devendran, S., Neumer, F., Theis, S., Ridlon, J. M., Suchodolski, J. S., de Godoy, M. R. C., & Swanson, K. S. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518001952 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Because BA possess endocrine functionality, altering the composition of the BA pool may in fl uence host metabolism (26,27) .”
Chemoproteomic Profiling of Bile Acid Interacting Proteins
Zhuang, S., Li, Q., Cai, L., Wang, C., & Lei, X. (2017) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00134 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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Organochloride pesticides modulated gut microbiota and influenced bile acid metabolism in mice
Liu, Q., Shao, W., Zhang, C., Xu, C. Y., Wang, Q., Liu, H., Sun, H., Jiang, Z., & Gu, A. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.068 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Secondary Bile Acids and Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer
Liu, Y., Zhang, S., Zhou, W., Hu, D., Xu, H., & Ji, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.813745 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Brown, J. R.-M., Flemer, B., Joyce, S. A., Zulquernain, S. A., Sheehan, D., Shanahan, F., & O’Toole, P. W. (2018) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-018-0860-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“difficile is the generation of secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid from CA and lithocholic acid from CDCA) by 7-alpha-dehydroxylation [12, 13].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Gut-Liver Axis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Blesl, A., & Stadlbauer, V. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13031018 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ryan, P. M., London, L. E. E., Bjorndahl, T. C., Mandal, R., Murphy, K., Fitzgerald, G. F., Shanahan, F., Ross, R. P., Wishart, D. S., Caplice, N. M., et al. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0246-x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Another interventional design currently being explored is the direct application of bacteria expressing an enzyme of interest, such as the bile salt hydrolase family [17, 18].”
Regulation of bile acids and their receptor FXR in metabolic diseases
Li, Y., Wang, L., Qing, Y., Luo, L., & Xiong, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1447878 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Molecular features of bile salt hydrolases and relevance in human health
Chand, D., Avinash, V. S., Yadav, Y., Pundle, A. V., Suresh, C. G., & Ramasamy, S. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.024 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Kefir and Intestinal Microbiota Modulation: Implications in Human Health
Peluzio, M. D. C. G., Dias, M. D. M. E., Martinez, J. A., & Milagro, F. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.638740 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“They also participate in the progression of diseases associated with changes in intestinal microbiota, such as obesity and gastrointestinal diseases, contributing to the modulation of inflammatory processes and signaling energy metabolism events and through their performance as a biological detergent (64).”
BackgroundSong, M., Ye, J., Zhang, F., Su, H., Yang, X., He, H., Liu, F., Zhu, X., Wang, L., Gao, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03173 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Some Liver Diseases: From an Immunological Perspective
Wang, L., Cao, Z.-M., Zhang, L., Li, J.-M., & Lv, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.923599 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Matter of Composition or Functionality?
Morán‐Ramos, S., López-Contreras, B. E., & Canizales‐Quinteros, S. (2017) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Messengers From the Gut: Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites on Host Regulation
Li, C., Liang, Y., & Qiao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.863407 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Dietary compounds in modulation of gut microbiota-derived metabolites
Feng, W., Liu, J., Cheng, H., Zhang, D., Tan, Y., & Peng, C. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.939571 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Detection technologies and metabolic profiling of bile acids: a comprehensive review
Liu, Y., Rong, Z., Xiang, D., Zhang, C., & Liu, D. (2018) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0774-9 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Meanwhile, unraveling the roles of MPBA in hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological and other diseases will provide valuable guidance for the diagnosis and typing of related diseases such as ICP, or the diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer [100].”
Enright, E. F., Joyce, S. A., Gahan, C. G. M., & Griffin, B. T. (2017) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01155 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, B., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Wang, R., Wei, Y., You, Z., Li, Y., Miao, Q., et al. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1946366 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Gut microbiota metabolize bile acids with defined enzymes, and thereby impact the bile acid signalings.(4) For example, supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus prevented liver fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestasis through”
BackgroundExploring the Potential of Postbiotics for Food Safety and Human Health Improvement
Isaac-Bamgboye, F. J., Mgbechidinma, C. L., Onyeaka, H. N., Isaac-Bamgboye, I. T., & Chukwugozie, D. C. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2024/1868161 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Guevara, D. M., Vidal-Cañas, S., Palacios, I., Gómez, A., Estrada, M., Gallego, J., & Liscano, Y. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16223916 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“By modifying this metabolism, they enhance metabolic health [65].”
Host and microbiota metabolic signals in aging and longevity
Zhou, Y., Hu, G., & Wang, M. C. (2021) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-021-00837-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota in NSAID Enteropathy: New Insights From Inside
Wang, X., Tang, Q., Hou, H., Zhang, W., Li, M., Chen, D., Gu, Y., Wang, B., Hou, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.679396 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Primary bile acids are synthesized in the liver, and subsequently combined to glycine or taurine to create conjugated primary bile acids (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
BackgroundFeng, X., Chen, M., Song, H., Ma, S., Ou, C., Li, Z., Hu, H., Yang, Y., Zhou, S., Pan, Y., et al. (2023) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13254 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Bile acids at the cross-roads of gut microbiome–host cardiometabolic interactions
Ryan, P. M., Stanton, C., & Caplice, N. M. (2017) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0299-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“The significance of bile acids, of intestinal and hepatic origin, as paracrine and endocrine signaling molecules with systemic reach has only recently been highlighted [17].”
BackgroundBourrie, B. C. T., Cotter, P. D., & Willing, B. P. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.039 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Nithya, A., Misra, S., Panigrahi, C., Dalbhagat, C. G., & Mishra, H. N. (2023) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100381 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Jing, H., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Chang, Q., Li, Z., Wu, X., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.800604 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Decreased Diversity and Disturbed Composition of Gut Microbiota in Post-cholecystectomy Diarrhea Patients Due to anatomic and dynamic reasons, the unabsorbed bile acids have a great impact to the microbial community, so sequencing flowing bile acids to intestine needs to be emphasized (Joyce and Gahan, 2016).”
BackgroundMicrobiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Vezza, T., Abad‐Jiménez, Z., Martí‐Cabrera, M., Rocha, M., & Víctor, V. M. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9090848 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiota during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention
Stanislawski, M. A., Frank, D. N., Borengasser, S. J., Ostendorf, D. M., Ir, D., Jambal, P., Bing, K., Wayland, L. T., Siebert, J., Bessesen, D. H., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093248 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“This suggests that the gut microbiota community structure may influence responsiveness to weight loss efforts, which is critical to understand more fully, as gut microbiota profiles are alterable through various means, such as probiotics/prebiotics [13], personalized dietary changes [86] or targeting gut microbiota pa…”
BackgroundPreventive and therapeutic aspects of fermented foods
Baruah, R., Ray, M., & Halami, P. M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.15444 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“The therapeutic effect of microbial enzymes such as bile- salt hydrolase has been reported to influence systemic lipid and cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and intestinal electrolyte balance (Joyce & Gahan, 2016).”
BackgroundVincenzo, F. D., Puca, P., Lopetuso, L. R., Petito, V., Masi, L., Bartocci, B., Murgiano, M., Felice, M. D., Petronio, L., Gasbarrini, A., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14132664 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Production of New Microbially Conjugated Bile Acids by Human Gut Microbiota
García, C. J., Kosek, V., Beltrán, D., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., & Hajšlová, J. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12050687 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Therefore, these signaling functions could affect the health of the host [6].”
BackgroundSong, M., Zhang, F., Chen, L., Yang, Q., Su, H., Yang, X., He, H., Ling, M., Zheng, J., Duan, C., et al. (2021) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.011 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bile acids: Key players in inflammatory bowel diseases?
Kriaa, A., Mariaule, V., Jablaoui, A., Rhimi, S., Mkaouar, H., Hernandez, J., Korkmaz, B., Lesner, A., Maguin, E., Aghdassi, A., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11050901 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Unabsorbed BAs (5%) that escape the enterohepatic circulation are further metabolized by the gut microbiota [18,21,22] (Figure 1).”
BackgroundRegulation of gut microbiota-bile acids axis by probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease
Li, L., Liu, T., Gu, Y., Wang, X., Xie, R., Sun, Y., Wang, B., & Cao, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.974305 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“The synthesis andmetabolism of BAs are prominentlymodified by gut bacteriawithdiverse enzymes (22).”
BackgroundGut microbiota: a promising target against cardiometabolic diseases
Warmbrunn, M. V., Herrema, H., Aron‐Wisnewsky, J., Soeters, M. R., van Raalte, D. H., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1720511 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lu, Q., Chen, J., Jiang, L., Geng, T., Tian, S., Liao, Y., YANG, K. Y., Zheng, Y., He, M., Tang, H., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Influence of nutrition therapy on the intestinal microbiome
Krezalek, M. A., Yeh, A., Alverdy, J. C., & Morowitz, M. J. (2016) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000348 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ursolic acid alleviates hypercholesterolemia and modulates the gut microbiota in hamsters
Hao, W., Kwek, E., He, Z., Zhu, H., Liu, J., Zhao, Y., Ma, K. Y., He, W., & Chen, Z. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo00829j · Cited by 44 · see citing works
García-Gutiérrez, E., O’Mahony, A. K., dos Santos, R. S., Marroquí, L., & Cotter, P. D. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2401654 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“139 Bile acid concentrations and profiles are considered influential in health and disease, with certain bile acids capable of activating host receptors and influencing glucose homeostasis, such as the farnesoid X receptor 140 and the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5.”
BackgroundFunctional and Phylogenetic Diversity of BSH and PVA Enzymes
Daly, J. W., Keely, S. J., & Gahan, C. G. M. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040732 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationWei, D., Li, Y., Che, M., Li, C., Wu, Q., & Sun, C. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04412-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
High-cholesterol diet does not alter gut microbiota composition in mice
Dimova, L. G., Zlatkov, N., Verkade, H. J., Uhlin, B. E., & Tietge, U. J. F. (2017) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0170-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In the large intestine unabsorbed bile acids are first deconjugated by the bacterial enzyme bile salt hydrolase; next they are dehydroxylated by bacteria to form the secondary bile acids [26].”
BackgroundJames, C. S., Fraser, K., Young, W., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2019) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxz302 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Five percent of BAs escape this process and undergo modification by microorganisms with the 7α-dehdroxylase enzyme, resulting in secondary BAs with altered structures that may interact differently with cellular receptors, potentially having impacts on the functionality of metabolites (13).”
BackgroundMicrobiota and metabolites in rheumatic diseases
Tong, Y., Marion, T. N., Schett, G. A., Luo, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102530 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Emerging Role of Diet and Microbiota Interactions in Neuroinflammation
Janakiraman, M., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02067 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Gu, Y., Jiang, J., Cui, X., Cheng, S., Liu, L., Huang, Z., Liao, R., Zhao, P., Yu, J.-Y., et al. (2022) · npj Science of Food · doi:10.1038/s41538-022-00156-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wang, A., Dongcheng, C., Zhang, H., Li, Q., Yan, Z., Qiu, Y., Xu, H., & Keji, C. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
James, S. C., Fraser, K., Young, W., Heenan, P. E., Gearry, R. B., Keenan, J. I., Talley, N. J., Joyce, S. A., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11090612 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Primary bile acids are conjugated to either glycine or taurine and stored in the gallbladder [2,4].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGhaffarzadegan, T., Marungruang, N., Fåk, F., & NYMAN, M. E. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157427 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“When a meal is consumed, BAs are secreted from hepatocytes and are absorbed in the duodenum by passive diffusion, or are actively transported from the terminal ileum to the liver via the portal vein to complete enterohepatic recirculation [1].”
BackgroundGut Microbiota Metabolites: Unveiling Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Fibrosis
Bernardi, F., D’Amico, F., Bencardino, S., Faggiani, I., Fanizza, J., Zilli, A., Parigi, T. L., Allocca, M., Danese, S., & Furfaro, F. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17030347 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Sex Differences in Neuroinflammation
Caldarelli, M., Rio, P., Marrone, A., Ocarino, F., Chiantore, M., Candelli, M., Gasbarrini, A., Gambassi, G., & Cianci, R. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105377 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide) and secondary bile acids, produced by microbiota, influence metabolism and neuroinflammation through Farsenoid X (FXR), Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and glucocorticoid receptor [34,35].”
BackgroundLin, S., Yang, X., Long, Y., Zhong, H., Wang, P., Yuan, P., Zhang, X., Che, L., Feng, B., Li, J., et al. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520001774 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Despite most BA are reabsorbed in the terminal ileum, the biotransformation of BA mainly occurs in the colon (44) and secondary BA will come into the blood stream via passive reabsorption and recycle in enterohepatic circulation.”
Gut microbiota–mitochondrial inter-talk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Zhang, Q., Xing, W., Wang, Q., Tang, Z., Wang, Y., & Gao, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.934113 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“FXR is a target of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), an NADdependent protein deacetylase, that regulates the expression of FXR (82) to regulate carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), steroid response element binding protein1c (SREBP-1c), and PPAR-α to stimulate FA uptake and oxidation (83).”
BackgroundThe Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
Xu, W., Nie, Y., Yang, Z., & Lü, N. (2016) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb-2015-0024 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Elmi, A., Dorey, A., Watson, E., Jagatia, H., Inglis, N. F., Gundogdu, O., Bajaj‐Elliott, M., Wren, B. W., Smith, D. G., & Dorrell, N. (2017) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/cmi.12814 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chemical Mechanisms of Colonization Resistance by the Gut Microbial Metabolome
Chang, P. V. (2020) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.9b00813 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Song, Y., Zhang, C., Lei, H., Qin, M., Chen, G., Wu, F., Chen, C., Cao, Z., Zhang, C., Wu, M., et al. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156570 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pan, H., Li, R., Li, T., Wang, J., & Liu, L. (2017) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Activity-Based Protein Profiling—Enabling Multimodal Functional Studies of Microbial Communities
Whidbey, C., & Wright, A. (2018) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2018_128 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This can lead to altered receptor binding and thus signaling activity (Joyce and Gahan 2016).”
Background
- Authors
- Joyce, S. A., & Gahan, C. G. M.
- Affiliations
- APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Food Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-02-28
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 313-333
- ISSN
- 1941-1421 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1413
- OpenAlex
- W2152714616
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Food Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI/12/RC/, 12/RC/2273, 12/RC/, SFI/12/RC/2273.)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- bile acids, gut microbiota, farnesoid X receptor, TGR5, bile acid metabolism, host-microbe interactions, probiotics, metabolic disorders, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, Clostridium difficile infection, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, bile acid signaling
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Aging, Bile Acids and Salts, Diet, Disease, Energy Metabolism, Health Status, Humans, Liver, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Signal Transduction, Weight Gain, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics
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