Heritability of Oral Microbiota and Immune Responses to Oral Bacteria
Open accessAbstract
Maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiota is essential for oral and dental health, and host genetic factors may affect the composition or function of the oral microbiota through a range of possible mechanisms, including immune pathways. The study included 836 Swedish twins divided into separate groups of adolescents (n = 418) and unrelated adults (n = 418). Oral microbiota composition and functions of non-enzymatically lysed oral bacteria samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional bioinformatics tools in the adolescents. Adaptive immune responses were assessed by testing for serum IgG antibodies against a panel of common oral bacteria in adults. In the adolescents, host genetic factors were associated with both the detection and abundance of microbial species, but with considerable variation between species. Host genetic factors were associated with predicted microbiota functions, including several functions related to bacterial sucrose, fructose, and carbohydrate metabolism. In adults, genetic factors were associated with serum antibodies against oral bacteria. In conclusion, host genetic factors affect the composition of the oral microbiota at a species level, and host-governed adaptive immune responses, and also affect the concerted functions of the oral microbiota as a whole. This may help explain why some people are genetically predisposed to the major dental diseases of caries and periodontitis.
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Specialized immune-cell networks in the oral cavity respond to the challenges of this fluctuating environment via tissue-specific cues and exclusive immunologic responses that are tailored to the oral cavity.
“Regardless, specialized immune‐cell networks in the oral cavity respond to the challenges of this fluctuating environment via tissue‐specific cues and exclusive immunologic responses that are tailored to the oral cavity.53, 106, 107, 108”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
The bacteria associated with host genetic factors were caries-associated species, including S mutans, Scardovia wiggisae, and Stomatobaculum longum.
“The bacteria associated with host genetic factors were caries‐associated species, including S mutans, Scardovia wiggisae, and Stomatobaculum longum.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
Genetic factors were more strongly associated with serum antibody responses to the putative periodontal pathogen P gingivalis.
“In terms of immune responses, genetic factors were more strongly associated with serum antibody responses to the putative periodontal pathogen P gingivalis.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
In a large study of many sets of young and middle-aged Swedish twins, the presence and relative abundance of all species identified were influenced by environmental factors, and thus differed according to the environmental factors to which they had been exposed.
“The presence and relative abundance of all species identified were influenced by environmental factors, and thus differed according to the environmental factors to which they had been exposed.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
Genetic factors were also associated with predicted metabolic pathways among the salivary microbiota, most specifically in relation to carbohydrate metabolism.
“Genetic factors were also associated with predicted metabolic pathways among the salivary microbiota, most specifically in relation to carbohydrate metabolism.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
Strong host genetic factors existed for several taxa and microbial metabolic functions relevant to caries development in the younger cohort, while strong host genetic factors on serum antibody levels against known periodontal pathogens existed in the older age group.
“Notably, strong host genetic factors existed for several taxa and microbial metabolic functions relevant to caries development in the younger cohort, while strong host genetic factors on serum antibody levels against known periodontal pathogens existed in the older age group.108”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
The influence of host genetic factors on the presence and relative abundance of salivary microbiota species was variable at the species level, mainly demonstrating strong effects on the presence and relative abundance of 27 bacterial species.
“Conversely, the influence of host genetic factors on these parameters were variable at the species level, mainly demonstrating strong effects on the presence and relative abundance of 27 bacterial species.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [108]
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Joy‐Thomas, A. R., Lalwani, Z., Guajardo-Morales, L., Valenza, J., & Fakhouri, W. D. (2025) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj13030133 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Esberg, A., Haworth, S., Kuja-Halkola, R., Magnusson, P. K. E., & Johansson, I.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Esberg, Anders
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-07-27
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1126
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7464143
- OpenAlex
- W3044288012
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (2015-02597, 2017-00641)
- Stiftelsen Patentmedelsfonden för Odontologisk Profylaxforskning (I 2018-001)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Keywords
- oral microbiota, heritability, host genetic factors, oral bacteria, adaptive immune response, serum IgG, microbial community composition, microbial metabolic functions, carbohydrate metabolism, twins, adolescents, dental caries, periodontitis, dental health
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