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Cited by 37Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removalEnvironmental remediation with nanomaterialsAdvanced oxidation water treatment

Application of Biochar-Based Materials for Effective Pollutant Removal in Wastewater Treatment

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Han, Meiyao, Liu, Ziyang, Huang, Shiyue, Zhang, Huanxing, Yang, Huilin, Liu, Yuan, Zhang, Ke, Zeng, Yusheng·2024·Nanomaterials
DOI 10.3390/nano14231933PMC PMC11870060
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Abstract

With the growth of the global population and the acceleration of industrialization, the problem of water pollution has become increasingly serious, posing a major threat to the ecosystem and human health. Traditional water treatment technologies make it difficult to cope with complex pollution, so the scientific community is actively exploring new and efficient treatment methods. Biochar (BC), as a low-cost, green carbon-based material, exhibits good adsorption and catalytic properties in water treatment due to its porous structure and abundant active functional groups. However, BC’s pure adsorption or catalytic capacity is limited, and researchers have dramatically enhanced its performance through modification means, such as loading metals or heteroatoms. In this paper, we systematically review the recent applications of BC and its modified materials for water treatment in adsorption, Fenton-like, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonocatalytic systems, and discuss their adsorption/catalytic mechanisms. However, most of the research in this field is at the laboratory simulation stage and still needs much improvement before it can be applied in large-scale wastewater treatment. This review improves the understanding of the pollutant adsorption/catalytic properties and mechanisms of BC-based materials, analyzes the limitations of the current studies, and investigates future directions.

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  • Chemically activated biochars possess more oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl) that facilitate phenol adsorption via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.

    “Chemically activated biochars possess more oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl) that facilitate phenol adsorption via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions [20,21].”

    From Innovative Valorization of Wood Panel Waste into Activated Biochar for Efficient Phenol Adsorption (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

    Section 2.2.2 says biochar activation can introduce functional groups, and Section 3.1.1 describes acid-activated biochar bearing hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups that aid adsorption through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. That example concerns enrofloxacin, not phenol; the paper does not establish the claimed mechanism for phenol adsorption. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Biochar has a high porosity with a specific surface area of up to 1500 m2/g.

    “Its high porosity (with a specific surface area of up to 1500 m 2 /g), modular carbon structure, and ability to trap organic contaminants via π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds make it an excellent choice for water decontamination [19][20][21].”

    From Innovative Valorization of Wood Panel Waste into Activated Biochar for Efficient Phenol Adsorption (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Introduction and §2.3 describe biochar as porous and having a large surface area. Neither passage gives a specific surface area of up to 1500 m²/g, and searches for that figure found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The literature acknowledges the importance of oxygen-containing functional groups, as demonstrated by FTIR analyses in previous studies.

    “The literature acknowledges the importance of these functional groups, as demonstrated by FTIR analyses in previous studies [20,21,25].”

    From Innovative Valorization of Wood Panel Waste into Activated Biochar for Efficient Phenol Adsorption (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says oxygen-containing groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl enhance biochar’s chemical adsorption of pollutants. It does not establish the claim’s FTIR-analysis detail; searches for “FTIR” and “infrared spectroscopy” found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Han, M., Liu, Z., Huang, S., Zhang, H., Yang, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., & Zeng, Y.
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Agricultural University (CN)
  • Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Design Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471003, China
  • Chengdu Tiantou Industry Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
Corresponding author
Zeng, Yusheng
ORCID
Venue
Nanomaterials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-11-30
Volume
14
Issue
23
Pages
1933
ISSN
2079-4991 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nano14231933
PMC
PMC11870060
OpenAlex
W4404924540
Cited by
37
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 14
FWCI
0.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nanomaterials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Natural Science Foundation Project of Sichuan Province (2023NSFSC0899)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
Keywords
biochar, wastewater treatment, pollutant removal, adsorption, Fenton-like catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, sonocatalysis, heteroatom doping, adsorption mechanism, water pollution

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