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Cited by 134Nutrition, Health and Food BehaviorBehavioral Health and InterventionsNutritional Studies and Diet

Effectiveness of Interventions and Behaviour Change Techniques for Improving Dietary Intake in Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs

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Ashton, Lee M., Sharkey, Thomas, Whatnall, Megan C., Williams, Rebecca L., Bezzina, Aaron, Aguiar, Elroy J., Collins, Clare E., Hutchesson, Melinda J.·2019·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu11040825PMC PMC6520715
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Abstract

Poor eating habits are common during young adulthood and influence chronic disease morbidity. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve dietary intake among young adults and, identifies which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are most effective. Six electronic databases were searched for RCTs published until October 2018, and evaluating behavioural interventions assessing change in dietary intake in young adults (17–35 years). Of the 18,779 articles identified, 54 were included. Forty studies focused on fruit and/or vegetable intake, of which 63% showed a significant between-group difference in favour of the intervention group. Meta-analysis (n = 17) demonstrated a significant increase in fruit and vegetable intake of +68.6 g/day after three months of intervention and +65.8 g/day for interventions >3 months when compared to control. A meta-analysis (n = 5) on total energy intake found no significant differences between groups. The BCTs with the highest effectiveness ratio were habit formation (100%), salience of consequences (83%) and adding objects to the environment (70%). The review highlights the potential of behavioural interventions to improve young adults’ fruit and vegetable intake but was less convincing for other dietary outcomes. Due to the lack of studies including each BCT, the BCTs imperative to success could not be identified.

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  • It is difficult to determine what components or active ingredients within lifestyle interventions offer merit for behavior outcomes.

    “Lifestyle interventions can be rooted in a variety of frameworks and methods [14, 15], making it difficult to determine what components or ‘active ingredients’ [14–16] within interventions offer merit for behavior outcomes [17–19].”

    From Barriers and facilitators to diet, physical activity and lifestyle behavior intervention adherence: a qualitative systematic review of the literature (2023) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Conclusions say the review could not determine which behaviour change techniques were essential to success, and the Discussion (§4.3) says inconsistent reporting made intervention components difficult to code. This supports the difficulty described, but the review concerns dietary outcomes in young adults, not behaviour outcomes generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ashton, L. M., Sharkey, T., Whatnall, M. C., Williams, R. L., Bezzina, A., Aguiar, E. J., Collins, C. E., & Hutchesson, M. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
Corresponding author
Hutchesson, Melinda J.
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-04-11
Volume
11
Issue
4
Pages
825
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu11040825
PMC
PMC6520715
OpenAlex
W2938364341
Cited by
134
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords
dietary intake, young adults, behaviour change techniques, behavioral interventions, fruit and vegetable intake, energy intake, habit formation, dietary habits
MeSH terms
Diet, Healthy, Dietary Sugars, Nutrients, Adolescent, Adult, Behavior Therapy, Beverages, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Fats, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food, Fruit, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vegetables, Diet Records, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, MEDLINE, Young Adult, Fast Foods

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