Augmentation of Glucotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells by Palmitic Acid
Open accessAbstract
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the hallmarks of diabetes and obesity. Experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary management and caloric restriction are beneficial in reducing the complications of diabesity. Studies have suggested that increased availability of energy metabolites like glucose and saturated fatty acids induces metabolic, oxidative, and mitochondrial stress, accompanied by inflammation that may lead to chronic complications in diabetes. In the present study, we used human hepatoma HepG2 cells to investigate the effects of high glucose (25 mM) and high palmitic acid (up to 0.3 mM) on metabolic-, inflammatory-, and redox-stress-associated alterations in these cells. Our results showed increased lipid, protein, and DNA damage, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glucolipotoxicity increased ROS production and redox stress appeared to alter mitochondrial membrane potential and bioenergetics. Our results also demonstrate the enhanced ability of cytochrome P450s-dependent drug metabolism and antioxidant adaptation in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid, which was further augmented with high glucose. Altered NF-kB/AMPK/mTOR-dependent cell signaling and inflammatory (IL6/TNF-α) responses were also observed. Our results suggest that the presence of high-energy metabolites enhances apoptosis while suppressing autophagy by inducing inflammatory and oxidative stress responses that may be responsible for alterations in cell signaling and metabolism.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ROS accumulation triggers damaging cascades: a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases 3/7, apoptosis, and ER stress and inflammation via NF-κB.
“ROS accumulation triggers damaging cascades: a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases 3/7, apoptosis, and ER stress and inflammation via NF-κB [90,152,153,154,155].”
From The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [90]
The Discussion (page unavailable) links increased ROS in high-glucose/palmitic-acid-treated HepG2 cells to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. The Results report caspase-3 cleavage and NF-κB translocation associated with inflammatory signaling. The paper does not establish caspase-7 activation or an ROS-to-ER-stress pathway via NF-κB; ER stress is mentioned only as background in the Introduction. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Raza, H., John, A., & Nemmar, A. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350087 · Cited by 47,311 · see citing works
Self-citationMultilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells
Pittenger, M. F., Mackay, A. M., Beck, S. C., Jaiswal, R. K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J. D., Moorman, M. A., Simonetti, D. W., Craig, S., & Marshak, D. R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.143 · Cited by 21,052 · see citing works
Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J., & Jakoby, W. B. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42083-8 · Cited by 18,394 · see citing works
Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase.
Paglia, D. E., & Valentine, W. N. (1967) · PubMed · Cited by 10,776 · see citing works
Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications
Brownlee, M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414813a · Cited by 9,107 · see citing works
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760 · see citing works
Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome
Furukawa, S., Fujita, T., Shimabukuro, M., Iwaki, M., Yamada, Y., Nakajima, Y., Nakayama, O., Makishima, M., Matsuda, M., & Shimomura, I. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21625 · Cited by 5,508 · see citing works
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034 · Cited by 2,802 · see citing works
Inoguchi, T., Li, P., Umeda, F., Yu, H. Y., Kakimoto, M., Imamura, M., Aoki, T., Etoh, T., Hashimoto, T., Naruse, M., et al. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.11.1939 · Cited by 1,577 · see citing works
Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
Smith, I. K., Vierheller, T. L., & Thorne, C. A. (1988) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(88)90564-7 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
Glucolipotoxicity: fuel excess and β-cell dysfunction
Poitout, V., & Robertson, R. P. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0023 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
β-Cell Glucose toxicity, lipotoxicity, and chronic oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.
Robertson, R. P., Harmon, J., Tran, P. O. T., & Poitout, V. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.2007.s119 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
A rapid method for assaying the metabolism of 7-ethoxyresorufin by microsomal subcellular fractions
Pohl, R. J., & Fouts, J. R. (1980) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(80)90505-9 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Groop, L. C., Bonadonna, R. C., DelPrato, S., Ratheiser, K., Zyck, K., Ferrannini, E., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114142 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Ricchi, M., Odoardi, M. R., Carulli, L., Anzivino, C., Ballestri, S., Pinetti, A., Fantoni, L. I., Marra, F., Bertolotti, M., Banni, S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05733.x · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Maedler, K., Oberholzer, J., Bucher, P., Spinas, G. A., & Donath, M. Y. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.726 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Nakamura, S., Takamura, T., Matsuzawa-Nagata, N., Takayama, H., Misu, H., Noda, H., Nabemoto, S., Kurita, S., Ota, T., Ando, H., et al. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m901488200 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Birch‐Machin, M. A., & Turnbull, D. M. (2001) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(01)65006-4 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Fatty acid composition of serum lipids predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in men
Warensjö, E., Risérus, U., & Vessby, B. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1897-x · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of fatty acids
Arner, P. (2002) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.254 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Mei, S., Ni, H., Manley, S., Bockus, A. B., Kassel, K. M., Luyendyk, J. P., Copple, B. L., & Ding, W. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.111.184341 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
GROOP, L. C., SALORANTA, C., SHANK, M., BONADONNA, R. C., FERRANNINI, E., & DEFRONZO, R. A. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-96 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Mitochondria-derived ROS activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirectly
Hinchy, E. C., Gruszczyk, A. V., Willows, R., Navaratnam, N., Hall, A. R., Bates, G., Bright, T. P., Krieg, T., Carling, D., & Murphy, M. P. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.002579 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Brookheart, R. T., Michel, C. I., & Schaffer, J. E. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.03.011 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Liew, C. W., Handy, D. E., Zhang, Y., Leopold, J. A., Hu, J., Guo, L., Kulkarni, R. N., Loscalzo, J., & Stanton, R. C. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-136572 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Nerurkar, P. V., Park, S. S., Thomas, P. E., Nims, R. W., & Lubet, R. A. (1993) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90504-p · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Hirabara, S. M., Curi, R., & Maechler, P. (2010) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.21936 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Czygan, P., Greim, H. A., Garro, A. J., Hutterer, F., Schaffner, F., Pópper, H., Rosenthal, O., & Cooper, D. Y. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Fatty acids and glucolipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes
Cnop, M. (2008) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0360348 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Raza, H., Prabu, S. K., Robin, M.-A., & Avadhani, N. G. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.1.185 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid oversupply, selective insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity: Molecular mechanisms
Chavez, J. A., & Summers, S. A. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.09.015 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Bovine Retinal Pericytes
Cacicedo, J. M., Benjachareowong, S., Chou, E. L., Ruderman, N. B., & Ido, Y. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1838 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Alnahdi, A., John, A., & Raza, H. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/7054272 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, R. W., Newton, D. J., Scheri, T. D., & Lu, A. Y. H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Lindholm, C. R., Ertel, R. L., Bauwens, J. D., Schmuck, E. G., Mulligan, J. D., & Saupe, K. W. (2013) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-012-0199-2 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Mir, S. U. R., George, N. M., Zahoor, L., Harms, R. Z., Guinn, Z. P., & Sarvetnick, N. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.605345 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Li, H., Min, Q., Ouyang, C., Lee, J., He, C., Zou, M., & Xie, Z. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.002 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Raza, H., & John, A. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms13055751 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationLipotoxicity in HepG2 cells triggered by free fatty acids.
(2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 94 · see citing works
García‐Ruíz, I., Solís‐Muñoz, P., Fernández-Moreira, D., Muñoz‐Yagüe, T., & Solis-Herruzo, J. A. (2014) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.018234 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Palmitic acid induces autophagy in hepatocytes via JNK2 activation
Tu, Q., Zheng, R., Li, J., Hu, L., Chang, Y., Li, L., Li, M., Wang, R., Huang, D., Wu, M., et al. (2014) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2013.170 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Kumar, B., Kowluru, A., & Kowluru, R. A. (2015) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16466 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Involvement of mtDNA damage in free fatty acid-induced apoptosis
Grishko, V. I., Rachek, L. I., Musiyenko, S. I., LeDoux, S. P., & Wilson, G. L. (2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.023 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fu, J., Cui, Q., Yang, B., Hou, Y., Wang, H., Xu, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, Q., & Pi, J. (2016) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.016 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Raza, H., John, A., & Shafarin, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159750 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Antioxidants in Reducing Accumulation of Fat in Hepatocyte
Yang, J., Shin, J., Seo, S., Kim, S., Lee, S. H., & Shin, E. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19092563 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Iori, E., Vinci, B., Murphy, E. G., Marescotti, M. C., Avogaro, A., & Ahluwalia, A. D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034704 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Guo, X., Wang, O., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Zhou, F. L., Liu, J., & Ji, B. (2016) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500635 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Glucose and palmitate uncouple AMPK from autophagy in human aortic endothelial cells
Weikel, K., Cacicedo, J. M., Ruderman, N. B., & Ido, Y. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00265.2014 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Raza, H., John, A., & Howarth, F. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms131216241 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationBarlow, J., Jensen, V. H., Jastroch, M., & Affourtit, C. (2016) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20151080 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Raza, H., John, A., & Shafarin, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103379 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationAlnahdi, A., John, A., & Raza, H. (2018) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000495200 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, N., Hu, M., Duan, R., Liu, C., Guo, H., Zhang, M., Yu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, L., & Liu, X. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.13212fp · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Increased Metabolic Stress in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat Kidney and Pancreas
Raza, H., John, A., & Howarth, F. C. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000356597 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationDing, W. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Raza, H., John, A., Shafarin, J., & Howarth, F. C. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12751 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationStreptozotocin-induced molecular and metabolic targets in pancreatic beta-cell toxicity
Raza, H., Al-Nahdi, A. M., & John, A. (2018) · Hamdan Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/hmj.hmj_54_18 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 60 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, Z., Huang, Q., Zhao, D., Lian, F., Li, X., & Qi, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1112363 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Lipke, K., Kubis-Kubiak, A., & Piwowar, A. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11050844 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Pancreatic Beta-cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Khin, P. P., Lee, J. H., & Jun, H. (2023) · European Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1177/1721727x231154152 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Wang, Y.-F., Chang, Y.-Y., Zhang, X., Gao, M., Zhang, Q., Li, X., Zhang, L., & Yao, W.-F. (2022) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154020 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Chang, T., Chi, M., Chiang, Y., Lin, C., Fang, M.-L., Lee, C., Liu, J., & Kou, Y. R. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.85443 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Qiu, T., Yang, X., Wang, J., Pan, C., Chu, X., Xiong, J., Xie, J., Chang, Y., Wang, C., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-022-00202-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Research progress on the mechanism of beta-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
You, S., Zheng, J., Chen, Y., & Huang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.976465 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
From obesity to Alzheimer's disease through insulin resistance
Terzo, S., Amato, A., & Mulè, F. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108026 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ceja-Galicia, Z. A., Cespedes-Acuña, C. L. A., & El-Hafidi, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26020788 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Lian, C., Sun, Q.-W., Wang, T.-T., Liu, Y.-Y., Ye, J., Gao, L.-L., Yang, Y.-F., Liu, S., Shen, Z.-F., et al. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11050905 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Palomino, O. M., Giordani, V., Chowen, J. A., Fernández‐Alfonso, M. S., & Goya, L. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27165217 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis
Wójcik, P., Žarković, N., Gęgotek, A., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10030402 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alnahdi, A., John, A., & Raza, H. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226696 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Ding, Y., Sun, P., Zhang, W., Xin, Q., Wang, N., Niu, Y., Chen, Y., Luo, J., Lu, J., et al. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11050799 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chun, H. J., Kim, E. R., Lee, M., Choi, D. H., Kim, S. H., Shin, E., Kim, J., Cho, J. W., Han, D. H., Soo, B., et al. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155612 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sergi, D., Luscombe‐Marsh, N. D., Naumovski, N., Abeywardena, M. Y., & O’Callaghan, N. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.663838 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Halemahebai, G., Tian, L., Dong, H., & Aisker, G. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113628 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Moliterni, C., Vari, F., Schifano, E., Tacconi, S., Stanca, E., Friuli, M., Longo, S., Conte, M., Salvioli, S., Gnocchi, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100692 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ugbaja, R. N., James, A. S., Ugwor, E. I., Akamo, A. J., Thomas, F. C., & Kosoko, A. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94518-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Live-cell ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a novel bioanalytical tool for cell glucose metabolism research
Poonprasartporn, A., & Chan, K. L. A. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119024 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Song, B., Alam, M. B., & Lee, S. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11071227 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Liu, L., Xiang, R., Bu, X., Qin, G., Dai, J., Zhao, Z., Fang, X., Yang, S., Han, J. H., et al. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109529 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Chen, M., Yu, H., Yuan, G., Luo, L., Xu, X., Xu, Y., Sui, X., Leung, E. L., & Wu, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2706192 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Luo, R., Li, L., Hu, Y., & Xiao, F. R. (2020) · The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1002/kjm2.12302 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hang, W., Shu, H., Zheng, W., Liu, J., Jin, Z., Shi, Z., Chen, C., & Wang, D. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.636204 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
He, T., Liu, C., Li, M., Wang, M., Liu, N., Zhang, D., Han, S., Li, W., Chen, S., Yuan, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.22761 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Li, X., & Li, X. (2020) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01261-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bourebaba, N., Kornicka‐Garbowska, K., Marycz, K., Bourebaba, L., & Kowalczuk, A. P. (2021) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Targeting mTOR Signaling by Dietary Polyphenols in Obesity Prevention
Cao, Y., Han, S., Lu, H., Luo, Y., Guo, T., Wu, Q., & Luo, F. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14235171 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cui, N., Li, H., Dun, Y., Ripley-Gonzalez, J. W., You, B., Li, D., Liu, Y., Qiu, L., Li, C., & Liu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.961231 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Barrios-Maya, M. A., Ruiz‐Ramírez, A., Quezada, H., Céspedes, C. L., & El‐Hafidi, M. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112351 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chen, C., Qin, S., Song, X., Wen, J., Huang, W. J., Sheng, Z., Li, X., & Cao, Y. (2024) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-024-00975-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lu, C., Xing, H., Yang, L., Chen, K., Shu, L., Zhao, X., & Song, G. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/6616906 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
John, A., & Raza, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.867608 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Gong, J., Heng, N., Hu, Y., Wang, R., Wang, H., He, W., Zhu, N., Hu, Z., Hao, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-024-01064-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhou, S., Zhu, H., Xiong, P., Shi, L., Bai, W., & Li, X. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12040840 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Raja, A. A., Dandare, A., Khan, M. J., & Khan, M. J. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13101704 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Campos-Espinosa, A., & Guzmán, C. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/62543 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Advancements in nano drug delivery system for liver cancer therapy based on mitochondria-targeting.
Chen, L., He, Y.-T., Lan, J.-S., Li, Z., Gu, D., Nie, W., Zhang, T., & Ding, Y. (2024) · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117520 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wang, H., Yang, W., Liu, J., Leng, J., Li, W., Yu, Z., Li, J., Ronald, C. W., Hu, G., Fang, Z., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab225 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Martino, E., Luce, A., Balestrieri, A., Mele, L. L., Anastasio, C., D’Onofrio, N., Balestrieri, M. L., & Campanile, G. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12061311 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ding, G., Guo, X. L., Li, X., An, L., & Shi, H. (2024) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.3964 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Long, Y., Yu, F., Ji, C., Gui, L., & Lu, Y. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109890 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Li, Y., Zhao, S.-Y., Zhao, H., Wang, B., & Li, S. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/8920757 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, L., Xu, R., McDonald, J. D., Bruno, R. S., Choueiry, F., & Zhu, J. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03662 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yu, J. H., Liu, S., Chen, L., & Wu, B. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144849 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Garg, R., Gupta, A. P., Katekar, R. A., Verma, S., Goand, U. K., Dadge, S. D., & Gayen, J. R. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120221 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Alnahdi, A., John, A., & Raza, H. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10020239 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationUSP10 Alleviates Palmitic Acid-induced Steatosis through Autophagy in HepG2 Cells
Xin, S., Pan, X., Xu, X., & Yan-yan, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2022.00060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pei, Z., Ji, J., Gao, Y., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Yang, J., Yang, Q., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36145-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deng, Y., Yi, X., Gong, Y., Zhou, L., Xie, D., Wang, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., & Wu, W. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119385 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Luo, J., Liu, F., Fang, B., Tian, T., Li, Y., Zhang, T., Li, X.-M., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/9494926 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Celastrol alleviates diabetic vascular injury via Keap1/Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammation
An, N., Wang, R., Li, L., Wang, B., Wang, H., Peng, G., Zhou, H., & Chen, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1360177 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sharma, J., & Dey, P. (2024) · Molecular Omics · doi:10.1039/d4mo00140k · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Albornoz, N., Álvarez‐Indo, J., de la Peña, A., Arias‐Muñoz, E., Coca, A., Segovia‐Miranda, F., Kerr, B., Budini, M., Criollo, A., García, M. D. L. Á., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03154-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Stress Links Environmental Triggers with Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Crohn’s Disease
Martín‐Reyes, F., Bernal, M., Rodriguez, C., Reyes, D. R. D. L., Ho‐Plagaro, A., Rodríguez‐Pacheco, F., Martel, L. C., Camargo, R., Rodríguez-González, F. J., Alcaín‐Martínez, G., et al. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12122105 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Marrone, G., Cornali, K., Lauro, M. D., Ceravolo, M. J., Marco, L. D., di Villahermosa, S. M., Mitterhofer, A. P., & Noce, A. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12051085 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Krishnaveni, K., Murugan, M., Kalaimathi, R. V., Basha, A., Pallan, G., Kandeepan, C., Senthilkumar, N., Mathialagan, B., Ramya, S., Jayakumararaj, R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5605 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Khatoon, S., Das, N., Chattopadhyay, S., Joharapurkar, A. A., Singh, A., Patel, V. J., Nirwan, A., Kumar, A., Mugale, M. N., Mishra, D. P., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176800 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Müller, F. A., Stamou, M., Englert, F. H., Frenzel, O., Diedrich, S., Suter‐Dick, L., Wambaugh, J. F., & Sturla, S. J. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03490-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells
Cho, S.-C., & Shaw, S. (2023) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2023.13149 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Du, J., Wang, T., Xiao, C., Dong, Y., Zhou, S., & Zhu, Y. (2024) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/0115665240275594231229121030 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Phenolic Components and Biological Activity of Pomegranate
Zhou, Z., Ma, C., Hao, P., Peng, L., Zhang, S. Y., & Zhao, Q. (2024) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.202402301 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Junaid, R., Wahid, M., Waseem, F., Habib, R., & Hasan, A. (2021) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-021-02007-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
(2020) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac111.81418155 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Abdul, N. S., & Marnewick, J. L. (2022) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2022.11.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Roy, A. C., Singh, K., Prasad, A., Kulshreshtha, D., Priya, K., Kumari, A. R., & Ghosh, I. (2024) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2024.07.007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, Z., Gao, K., Wang, M., Liang, S., Li, D., Zhang, P., Cheng, W., Xu, Z., & Li, N. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2025.09.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chen, S., Liu, L., Jiang, H., Sun, Q., Zhang, L., Liu, J., & Liu, L. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115573 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Gao, R., Chang, F., Li, B., Huang, K., Cheng, N., & He, X. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14091193 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Huang, R., Ding, L., Yu, W., Shi, Y., Yan, B., Zhu, H., Liu, Z., & Wang, J. (2025) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2025.106808 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
What should we advise MAFLD patients to eat and drink?
Machado, M. V. (2021) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2021.11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Astaxanthin alleviates palmitic acid‐induced hindrance of porcine oocyte maturation
He, X., Wang, D., Zhu, F., Jiang, Y., Bi, J., Lu, X., Zhao, M., Wu, W., & Li, J. (2022) · Reproduction in Domestic Animals · doi:10.1111/rda.14221 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Amorim, R., Marques, M. P., Melim, C., Varela, C. L., Sardão, V. A., Teixeira, J., Días, M. I., Barros, L., Oliveira, P. J., & Cabral, C. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18010039 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hosseinpourshirazi, F., Mendes, U. D., Aksoy, Z. B., Aydos, D., Sözer, M. C., Aljaser, L., Gundogdu, M., Şık, S., Tuncay, E., Turan, B., et al. (2026) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-026-10095-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluation of cadmium effects on the glucose metabolism on insulin resistance HepG2 cells
Li, C., Lin, K., Liang, X., Dilixiati, Y., Huo, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37325 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mero, S., Satolli, S., Galatolo, D., Canto, F. D., Armando, M., Astrea, G., Barghigiani, M., Bruno, G., Zanna, G. D., Micco, R. D., et al. (2025) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.30296 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
John, A., Amiri, L., Shafarin, J., Tariq, S., Adeghate, E. A., Howarth, F. C., & Raza, H. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12010104 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationVishnyakova, K. S., Popov, K. V., Pan, X., Jasko, M. V., & Yegorov, Y. E. (2021) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893321030146 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ewais, O., Abdel-Tawab, H., El‐Fayoumi, H., Aboelhadid, S. M., Al‐Quraishy, S., Falkowski, P., & Abdel‐Baki, A. S. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28186621 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Palmitic acid hinders extracellular traps of neutrophil from postpartum dairy cow in vitro
Feng, X., Song, Y., Sun, Z., Loor, J. J., Jiang, Q., Gao, C., Liu, S., Yang, Y., Du, X., Wang, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-21405 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Kotlyarova, A., Iskrina, A., & Kotlyarov, S. (2026) · International journal of molecular sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27083399 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dai, Z., Sun, Z., Chen, Q. L., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Jiao, M., Yin, X., Liu, R., Liang, H., & Zhu, C. (2025) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.70282 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, M., Ma, Y., Cheang, W. S., Su, Z., & Xu, S. (2026) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.04.011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fróes, F. T., Ré, C. D., Taday, J., Galland, F., Gonçalves, C., & Leite, M. C. (2023) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tilekli, M. M., Yılmaz, A. K., Yasul, Y., Çon, N., Mercan, S., & Tek, N. A. (2024) · Experimental and Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104947 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sergi, D., Zauli, E., Casciano, F., Secchiero, P., Zauli, G., Fields, M., & Melloni, E. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11122340 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Lei, X., Zhao, D., Xue, A., Zhu, Z., Jin, M., Zhang, N., & Li, X. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.119699 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
IGF‑1 inhibits palmitic acid‑induced mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages
Tang, W., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., Ma, D., Hu, M., Zhang, Y., Lin, H., Jiang, W., Ouyang, Y., Jiang, L., et al. (2023) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2023.13121 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, R., Zhu, Q., Huang, H., Yang, M., Wang, X., Dong, Y., Li, Y., Guan, Y., Zhong, L., & Niu, Y. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14327 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, J., Wu, J., Chen, Q., Yu, H., Liu, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wang, T. (2025) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116878 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Song, Y., Fu, Q., Zhang, C., Li, X., Ling, Z., Ma, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110625 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Angarita-Rodríguez, A., Mejía, N. M., González, J., Papin, J. A., Aristizábal-Pachón, A. F., & Pinzón, A. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Systems Biology · doi:10.3389/fsysb.2024.1500710 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, J., Wang, J., Ruzemaimaiti, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Chen, J.-X., Li, C., Cui, Z., Liu, Y., & Gao, J. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.042855 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
FGF9 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating Nrf2 via SQSTM1/p62-Keap1 in mice
An, N., Chen, Y., Li, L., Wang, B., Zhou, X., & Chen, G. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09077-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, W., Han, R., Lai, L., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13273-024-00434-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Agognon, A. L., Casertano, M., Vito, A., Orso, S., Cabaro, S., Mormone, F., Morelli, M. C., Perruolo, G., Formisano, P., Menna, M., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25116039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vilela, W. R., Platt, N., Bechara, L. R. G., de Paula, G. C., Ferreira, J. C. B., de Oliveira, J., Duarte, J. M. N., & Bem, A. F. D. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05455-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jin, R., Ren, H., Liao, M., Shang, J., Wang, D., Li, M., & Liu, N. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02283k · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, L.-F., Li, Q., Zhao, J. L., Wen, K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Q., Ding, Q., Li, J., Guan, X., Xiao, Y., et al. (2024) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2024-0058 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Alnahdi, A., John, A., & Raza, H.
- Affiliations
- United Arab Emirates University (AE)
- Corresponding author
- Raza, Haider
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-08-22
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1979
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6770774
- OpenAlex
- W2969456983
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences (MRG-18/2013-2014)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- palmitic acid, glucolipotoxicity, high glucose, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, HepG2 cells, hepatocytes, redox stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidant adaptation, autophagy, diabesity, saturated fatty acids
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Humans, Mitochondria, Liver, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation Mediators, Palmitic Acid, Hepatocytes, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Hep G2 Cells, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review