Cited by 2,802Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesIon Channels and Receptors

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease

Open access
Hotamisligil, Gökhan S.·2010·Cell

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site in the cell for protein folding and trafficking and is central to many cellular functions. Failure of the ER's adaptive capacity results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which intersects with many different inflammatory and stress signaling pathways. These pathways are also critical in chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The ER and related signaling networks are emerging as a potential site for the intersection of inflammation and metabolic disease.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034

Cites

153 of 153 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Oxidative stress is an initiator and major contributor to ER stress and lysosome-mediated autophagy.

    “Oxidative stress has been shown to be an initiator and major contributor to both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (Hotamisligil 2010; Kaneto et al. 2005) and lysosome-mediated autophagy (Lee et al. 2012)”

    From Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis (2018) · cites this paper as Hotamisligil 2010

    The citation to Hotamisligil is attached to ER stress, not lysosome-mediated autophagy, which has a separate citation. In “Emergence of ER Stress in Metabolic Disease” (page unavailable), the paper says ROS can cause ER stress and may help propagate it, but it does not establish oxidative stress as an initiator and major contributor. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Oxidative stress can lead to ER stress, characterized by unfolded protein response causing dysfunction of proteasomal degradation and autophagy, which reduces protein levels and causes imbalance in calcium homeostasis that altogether favor decrease in muscle mass.

    “Oxidative stress can also lead to ER stress, which is characterized by unfolded protein response (UPR) causing dysfunction of proteasomal degradation and autophagy, which reduces protein levels and causes an imbalance in calcium homeostasis that altogether favor a decrease in muscle mass (30, 31).”
  • ROS alter mitochondrial function and mass, increase mitochondrial DNA damage, reduce ATP synthesis, and elicit apoptotic pathway activity, which altogether lead to reduction in muscle mass.

    “ROS alter mitochondrial function and mass, increase mitochondrial DNA damage, reduce ATP synthesis, and elicit apoptotic pathway activity, which altogether, lead to a reduction in muscle mass.”
  • In the early stages of metabolic dysregulation, insulin secretion is elevated to compensate for increased glycemia; the high amount of insulin produced by the pancreas requires the endoplasmic reticulum to guarantee correct folding, generating endoplasmic reticulum overload and dysfunction, unfolded protein response overactivation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

    “In the early stages of metabolic dysregulation, insulin secretion is elevated to compensate for increased glycemia (hyperinsulinemia). The high amount of insulin produced by the pancreas requires that the ER guarantee the correct folding of the hormone, which generates an ER overload and dysfunction, an unfolded protein response (UPR) overactivation, Os, and inflammation [83, 91–95].”

    From The critical role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

  • Excess nutrients, chronic inflammatory state, high adiposity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and aging harm endoplasmic reticulum function in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, inducing oxidative stress.

    “Excess nutrients (ingesting high fat and/or high glucose), chronic inflammatory state, high adiposity, IR, metabolic syndrome, and aging harm the ER function in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, inducing Os [83, 91–95].”

    From The critical role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

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Authors
Hotamisligil, G. S.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-03
Volume
140
Issue
6
Pages
900-917
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2090556647
Cited by
2,802
References
153
Citations by year
2026: 116 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 175 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 180 · 2019: 167 · 2018: 187 · 2017: 194 · 2016: 193 · 2015: 215 · 2014: 209 · 2013: 215 · 2012: 193
FWCI
17.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK064360, R01DK052539, P30DK040561)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
Keywords
endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, inflammation, metabolic disorders, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, protein folding, stress signaling pathways
MeSH terms
Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Humans, Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases, Stress, Physiological, Protein Folding, Unfolded Protein Response

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