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Cited by 31Ovarian function and disordersRegulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Polak, Aleksandra Maria, Krentowska, Anna, Łebkowska, Agnieszka, Buczyńska, Angelika, Adamski, Marcin, Adamska-Patruno, Edyta, Fiedorczuk, Joanna, Krętowski, Adam Jacek +2 more·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12092753PMC PMC7551083
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Abstract

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the long-term energy balance, whereas ghrelin is a hormone that controls short-term appetite regulation and is considered a hunger hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the dietary macronutrient content in PCOS women. We examined 73 subjects: 39 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria and 34 healthy controls, matched by the body mass index. The subjects completed a consecutive three-day dietary diary to identify the macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Serum concentrations of leptin and total ghrelin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of the intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) and serum concentrations of ghrelin and leptin (all p > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum leptin concentration positively correlated with the intake of total fat (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = −0.36, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), whereas the serum ghrelin concentration correlated in an inverse manner with the intake of total fat (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), MUFA (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.34, p = 0.03), and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.38, p = 0.02). In this group, we also found a negative association of HOMA-IR with serum ghrelin levels (r = −0.4, p = 0.03) and a positive relationship with the serum leptin concentration (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and relationships between HOMA-IR and total dietary fat (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) and MUFA (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) intake. In PCOS women, dietary components such as the total fat and type of dietary fat and HOMA-IR are positively connected to serum leptin concentrations and negatively connected to serum ghrelin concentrations, which may influence the energy balance.

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  • Observational studies including individuals with PCOS with a healthy BMI still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without PCOS.

    “observational studies that have included individuals with PCOS with a healthy BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) still identified a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without PCOS [10,11,21,22,23,25,28,30,31,33].”

    From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [33]

    The Introduction states that women with PCOS have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes than the general population. But the Discussion (page unavailable) says this study’s non-obese PCOS and control groups did not differ in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or serum lipids. It does not establish a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors specifically among women with a healthy BMI. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [6]Mensink R. Effects of Saturated Fatty Acids on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins: A Systematic Review and Regression Analysis World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland 2016

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Authors
Polak, A. M., Krentowska, A., Łebkowska, A., Buczyńska, A., Adamski, M., Adamska-Patruno, E., Fiedorczuk, J., Krętowski, A. J., Kowalska, I., & Adamska, A.
Affiliations
  • Medical University of Białystok (PL)
  • Bialystok University of Technology (PL)
  • Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
Corresponding author
Adamska, Agnieszka
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-10
Volume
12
Issue
9
Pages
2753
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu12092753
PMC
PMC7551083
OpenAlex
W3084191047
Cited by
31
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4
FWCI
4.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Medical University of Bialystok (SUB/1/DN/19/004/1150)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
polycystic ovary syndrome, leptin, ghrelin, dietary fat intake, macronutrient intake, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol intake, appetite regulation, non-obese women, energy balance, micronutrient intake, food diary, Rotterdam criteria, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
MeSH terms
Nutrients, Adult, Dietary Fats, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Diet Records, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Micronutrients, Leptin, Ghrelin, Young Adult

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