Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake
Open accessAbstract
Despite substantial fluctuations in daily food intake, animals maintain a remarkably stable body weight, because overall caloric ingestion and expenditure are exquisitely matched over long periods of time, through the process of energy homeostasis. The brain receives hormonal, neural, and metabolic signals pertaining to body-energy status and, in response to these inputs, coordinates adaptive alterations of energy intake and expenditure. To regulate food consumption, the brain must modulate appetite, and the core of appetite regulation lies in the gut-brain axis. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the neuroendocrine regulation of food intake by the gastrointestinal system, focusing on gastric distention, intestinal and pancreatic satiation peptides, and the orexigenic gastric hormone ghrelin. We highlight mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and peptide secretion by enteroendocrine cells, including novel taste-like pathways. The increasingly nuanced understanding of the mechanisms mediating gut-peptide regulation and action provides promising targets for new strategies to combat obesity and diabetes.
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Enteric neurons link glucose sensing in enteroendocrine cells to glucose transport function in enterocytes.
“There is evidence that enteric neurons link glucose sensing in EEC to glucose transport function in enterocytes (50).”
From Gut mechanisms linking intestinal sweet sensing to glycemic control (2018) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Cummings, D. E., & Overduin, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cummings, David E.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2007-01-02
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-23
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1716217
- OpenAlex
- W2082113374
- Cited by
- 1,216
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 93
- FWCI
- 9.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK68384, R01DK-61516, R01DK061516, P01DK068384)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- food intake regulation, energy homeostasis, gut-brain axis, appetite, gastric distension, satiety peptides, ghrelin, enteroendocrine cells, nutrient sensing, obesity, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Energy Intake, Homeostasis, Humans, Models, Biological, Satiety Response, Peptide YY, Peptide Hormones, Gastrointestinal Tract, Ghrelin
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