The Inhibitory Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark (Enzogenol®) on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Enzymes
Open accessAbstract
The New Zealand pine bark extract (Enzogenol®) has previously been shown to elicit acute hypoglycaemic effects in humans. The present study investigated the underlying mechanisms of Enzogenol® in reducing postprandial glucose in humans. The potential inhibitory action of Enzogenol® against digestive enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme was determined. Enzogenol® demonstrated the ability to inhibit all three enzymes: α-amylase enzyme activity (IC50 3.98 ± 0.11 mg/mL), α-glucosidase enzyme activity (IC50 13.02 ± 0.28 μg/mL), and DPP-4 enzyme activity (IC50 2.51 ± 0.04 mg/mL). The present findings indicate the potential for Enzogenol® to improve postprandial glycaemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion via the inhibition of digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and enhancing the incretin effect via inhibiting the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 enzyme. The inhibitory actions of Enzogenol® on enzymes should therefore be further validated in humans for its potential use in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and management.
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Inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase delays starch breakdown, glucose absorption, and reduces postprandial blood glucose spikes.
“A common antidiabetic strategy involves inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates into glucose, thus delaying starch breakdown, glucose absorption and reducing postprandial blood glucose spikes [89].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Lim, W. X. J., Gammon, C. S., von Hurst, P., Chepulis, L., & Page, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Riddet Institute (NZ)
- Massey University (NZ)
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Page, Rachel A.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-04-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1596
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9029645
- OpenAlex
- W4223986530
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Massey Research Online (Massey University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Callaghan Innovation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioactive natural compounds
- Keywords
- α-amylase inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, DPP-4 inhibition, postprandial glycaemia, hypoglycemic effect, incretin effect, carbohydrate digestion, type 2 diabetes, enzyme inhibition
- MeSH terms
- alpha-Amylases, alpha-Glucosidases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Flavonoids, Humans, New Zealand, Plant Extracts, Quercetin, Plant Bark, Pinus, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
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