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Cited by 91Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Acute Effects of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Blood Pressure, Hemostasis and Vascular Inflammation Markers in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

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Raubenheimer, Kyle, Hickey, Danica, Leveritt, Michael, Fassett, Robert, Ortiz de Zevallos Munoz, Joaquin, Allen, Jason, Briskey, David, Parker, Tony +4 more·2017·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu9111270PMC PMC5707742
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Abstract

Aging is associated with a vasoconstrictive, pro-coagulant, and pro-inflammatory profile of arteries and a decline in the bioavailability of the endothelium-derived molecule nitric oxide. Dietary nitrate elicits vasodilatory, anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory effects in younger individuals, but little is known about whether these benefits are evident in older adults. We investigated the effects of 140 mL of nitrate-rich (HI-NI; containing 12.9 mmol nitrate) versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (LO-NI; containing ≤0.04 mmol nitrate) on blood pressure, blood coagulation, vascular inflammation markers, plasma nitrate and nitrite before, and 3 h and 6 h after ingestion in healthy older adults (five males, seven females, mean age: 64 years, age range: 57–71 years) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Plasma nitrate and nitrite increased 3 and 6 h after HI-NI ingestion (p < 0.05). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure decreased 3 h relative to baseline after HI-NI ingestion only (p < 0.05). The number of blood monocyte-platelet aggregates decreased 3 h after HI-NI intake (p < 0.05), indicating reduced platelet activation. The number of blood CD11b-expressing granulocytes decreased 3 h following HI-NI beetroot juice intake (p < 0.05), suggesting a shift toward an anti-adhesive granulocyte phenotype. Numbers of blood CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocyte subtypes slightly increased 6 h after HI-NI beetroot juice ingestion (p < 0.05), but the clinical implications of this response are currently unclear. These findings provide new evidence for the acute effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on circulating immune cells and platelets. Further long-term research is warranted to determine if these effects reduce the risk of developing hypertension and vascular inflammation with aging.

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  • These changes weaken the protective redox environment required for efficient conversion of nitrates to nitrites to NO, which is particularly important in ageing populations characterised by elevated oxidative stress, reduced gastric acidity, and alterations in the oral microbiota that compromise the enterosalivary nitrate cycle.

    “These changes weaken the protective redox environment required for efficient conversion of nitrates to nitrites to NO, which is particularly important in ageing populations characterised by elevated oxidative stress, reduced gastric acidity, and alterations in the oral microbiota that compromise the enterosalivary nitrate cycle [289].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [289]

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  • This provides sustained cardiovascular benefits.

    “providing sustained cardiovascular benefits [289].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [289]

    The Discussion (§4.2; page not provided) reports lower blood pressure three hours after nitrate-rich beetroot juice ingestion, supporting an acute cardiovascular benefit. The Conclusions (§5; page not provided) call the findings tentative and say long-term studies are needed, so the paper does not establish sustained benefits. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Regularly consuming ~250-300 g/day of nitrate-rich vegetables can reduce systolic blood pressure in middle-aged and older individuals.

    “regularly consuming ~250–300 g/day of nitrate-rich vegetables can reduce middle-aged and older individuals’ systolic blood pressure”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [289]

    Section 4.2 of the Discussion reports lower systolic blood pressure three hours after a single dose of nitrate-rich beetroot juice in healthy older adults, and cites a study of three-week supplementation in older overweight adults. It does not establish that regularly eating 250–300 g/day of nitrate-rich vegetables has this effect in middle-aged and older people; the Conclusions say long-term studies of beetroot juice and other nitrate-rich plant foods are still needed. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Raubenheimer, K., Hickey, D., Leveritt, M., Fassett, R., Ortiz de Zevallos Munoz, J., Allen, J., Briskey, D., Parker, T., Kerr, G., Peake, J., Pecheniuk, N., & Neubauer, O.
Affiliations
  • Queensland University of Technology (AU)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
  • Victoria University (AU)
Corresponding author
Neubauer, Oliver
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-11-22
Volume
9
Issue
11
Pages
1270
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu9111270
PMC
PMC5707742
OpenAlex
W2769293392
Cited by
91
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Queensland University of Technology
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords
beetroot juice, dietary nitrate, older adults, blood pressure, hemostasis, vascular inflammation, platelet activation, platelet-monocyte aggregates, granulocytes, intermediate monocytes, nitric oxide, nitrite, aging, hypertension
MeSH terms
Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Aged, Aging, Blood Platelets, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Female, Granulocytes, Hemostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Nitrates, Nitrites, Prothrombin, Thromboplastin, Biomarkers, Plant Roots, Cross-Over Studies, P-Selectin, Beta vulgaris, CD11b Antigen, Waist Circumference

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