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Advances in Chitosan-Based Smart Hydrogels for Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Piotrowska, Urszula, Orzechowska, Klaudia·2024·Pharmaceuticals
DOI 10.3390/ph17101260PMC PMC11510048
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Abstract

Despite advancements in early detection and treatment in developed countries, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy, a key option for CRC treatment, has several drawbacks, including poor selectivity and the development of multiple drug resistance, which often lead to severe side effects. In recent years, the use of polysaccharides as drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance drug efficacy has gained significant attention. Among these polysaccharides, chitosan (CS), a linear, mucoadhesive polymer, has shown promise in cancer treatment. This review summarizes current research on the potential applications of CS-based hydrogels as DDSs for CRC treatment, with a particular focus on smart hydrogels. These smart CS-based hydrogel systems are categorized into two main types: stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels that undergo sol-gel transitions in situ, and single-, dual-, and multi-stimuli-responsive CS-based hydrogels capable of releasing drugs in response to various triggers. The review also discusses the structural characteristics of CS, the methods for preparing CS-based hydrogels, and recent scientific advances in smart CS-based hydrogels for CRC treatment.

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Figure 1 Chemical structure of chitin and chitosan. This figure is adapted from [22] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.
Figure 1 Chemical structure of chitin and chitosan. This figure is adapted from [22] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The gelation process of CS hydrogel (a) via acidic solvent; (b) via alkaline solvent. This figure is adapted from [79] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.
Figure 2 The gelation process of CS hydrogel (a) via acidic solvent; (b) via alkaline solvent. This figure is adapted from [79] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.
Figure 3 Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Unique properties of smart hydrogels.
Figure 4 Unique properties of smart hydrogels.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 In situ gelation mechanism between chitosan and β-glycerophosphate.
Figure 5 In situ gelation mechanism between chitosan and β-glycerophosphate.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Phase transition behavior of HACPN-DOX and HACPN solutions at 25 and 37 °C. This figure is adapted from [119] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.
Figure 6 Phase transition behavior of HACPN-DOX and HACPN solutions at 25 and 37 °C. This figure is adapted from [119] with permission under CC BY 4.0 license.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Piotrowska, U., & Orzechowska, K.
Venue
Pharmaceuticals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-09-25
Volume
17
Issue
10
Pages
1260
ISSN
1424-8247
DOI
10.3390/ph17101260
PMC
PMC11510048
Cited by
30
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
National Science Centre, Poland (2022/47/D/NZ7/01403)

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