Advanced Bioresin Formulation for 3D-Printed Bone Scaffolds: PCLDMA and p-PLA Integration
Open accessAbstract
In bone tissue engineering, scaffold attributes such as pore dimensions and mechanical strength are crucial. This study synthesized polycaprolactone dimethacrylate (PCLDMA) from polycaprolactone (PCL), incorporating epichlorohydrin (Epi-PCL) and methacryloyl chloride (Meth-Cl). PCLDMA was blended with polylactic acid (p-PLA) to 3D-print bone scaffolds using stereolithography (SLA). Analytical techniques included nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compression testing. Degradation kinetics and cell viability were investigated using human osteoblast (HOB) cells. Findings revealed PCLDMA/p-PLA composite scaffold superiority over the original polymers. Notably, PCLDMA-60 (60% PCLDMA, 40% p-PLA) displayed optimal properties. Compressive strength varied from 0.019 to 16.185 MPa, porosity from 2% to 50%, and degradation rates from 0% to 0.4% over three days. Cell viability assays affirmed biocompatibility across various PCLDMA ratios. In conclusion, PCLDMA/p-PLA composite scaffolds, particularly PCLDMA-60, show great potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Biodegradable polymers require the introduction of dimethacrylate (DMA) groups at their molecular terminals via chemical modification for SLA printing.
“Biodegradable polymers require the introduction of dimethacrylate (DMA) groups at their molecular terminals via chemical modification, and the modified materials can be used for SLA printing [102].”
From Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering (2026) · cites this paper as [102]
The Introduction and Experimental Section §2.1 describe chemically modifying PCL to produce photocurable PCLDMA, and §2.3 reports using it in SLA printing. They do not establish that biodegradable polymers generally require DMA groups at their molecular terminals for SLA printing; the paper also uses a commercially obtained photocurable PLA resin without describing such modification. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Application of PLCL as a biodegradable polymer in biomedical engineering
Zhao, Y., & Liu, H. (2026) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10856-026-07016-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Biodegradable polymers require the introduction of dimethacrylate (DMA) groups at their molecular terminals via chemical modi fi cation, and the modi fi ed materials can be used for SLA printing [102].”
- Authors
- Sakarya, D., Zorlu, T., Yücel, S., Sahin, Y. M., & Özarslan, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Yıldız Technical University (TR)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Polymer Technologies and Composite Application and Research Center (ArelPOTKAM), Istanbul Arel University, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul 34537, Turkey
- Corresponding author
- Sakarya, Deniz
- Venue
- Polymers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-02-16
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 534
- ISSN
- 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10892561
- OpenAlex
- W4391883446
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Istanbul Arel University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, bone scaffolds, 3D-printed scaffolds, stereolithography, polymer composites, epichlorohydrin, methacryloyl chloride, biodegradation kinetics, compressive strength, porosity, human osteoblasts, biocompatibility, bone tissue engineering
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