Optical Fibre-Based Pulse Oximetry Sensor with Contact Force Detection
Open accessAbstract
A novel optical sensor probe combining monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) with contact pressure is presented. This is beneficial as contact pressure is known to affect SpO2 measurement. The sensor consists of three plastic optical fibres (POF) used to deliver and collect light for pulse oximetry, and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to measure contact pressure. All optical fibres are housed in a biocompatible epoxy patch which serves two purposes: (i) to reduce motion artefacts in the photoplethysmogram (PPG), and (ii) to transduce transverse loading into an axial strain in the FBG. Test results show that using a combination of pressure measuring FBG with a reference FBG, reliable results are possible with low hysteresis which are relatively immune to the effects of temperature. The sensor is used to measure the SpO2 of ten volunteers under different contact pressures with perfusion and skewness indices applied to assess the quality of the PPG. The study revealed that the contact force ranging from 5 to 15 kPa provides errors of <2%. The combined probe has the potential to improve the reliability of reflectance oximeters. In particular, in wearable technology, the probe should find use in optimising the fitting of garments incorporating this technology.
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When pressures are kept within the range of 5-15 kPa, there is less than 2% error in the SpO2 measurements.
“Utilizing this modality, they demonstrated that, when pressures are kept within the range of 5–15 kPa, there is less than 2% error in the SpO2 measurements.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [215]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Liu, C., Correia, R., Ballaji, H., Korposh, S., Hayes-Gill, B., & Morgan, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Corresponding author
- Morgan, Stephen
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-10-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3632
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6263952
- OpenAlex
- W2898098650
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K503800/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- pulse oximetry, oxygen saturation, contact pressure sensing, fiber Bragg grating, plastic optical fiber, photoplethysmogram, motion artifacts, transverse loading, perfusion index, wearable sensors, sensor probe design
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