Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs With Wearables: Fit for Medical Use?
Open accessAbstract
Background: Wearables (= wearable computer) enable continuous and noninvasive monitoring of a range of vital signs. Mobile and cost-effective devices, combined with powerful data analysis tools, open new dimensions in assessing body functions (“digital biomarkers”). Methods: To answer the question whether wearables are ready for use in the medical context, a PubMed literature search and analysis for their clinical-scientific use using publications from the years 2008 to 2018 was performed. Results: A total of 79 out of 314 search hits were publications on clinical trials with wearables, of which 16 were randomized controlled trials. Motion sensors were most frequently used to measure defined movements, movement disorders, or general physical activity. Approximately 20% of the studies used sensors to detect cardiovascular parameters. As for the sensor location, the wrist was chosen in most studies (22.8%). Conclusion: Wearables can be used in a precisely defined medical context, when taking into account complex influencing factors.
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Some factors discussed in other research were not or only briefly mentioned in the included studies, especially technical and legal aspects such as data security, data synching, and export.
“Some factors discussed in other research were not or only briefly mentioned in the included studies [6,29,31], but should also be reflected, especially technical and legal aspects, such as data security [224], data synching, and export.”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
These vital signs and device types seem to become the standard in wearable research.
“These vital signs and device types seem to become the standard in wearable research [3,27,31,224,225].”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Similar to other reviews, most devices were wrist-worn fitness trackers and accelerometers, and most were from Fitbit, measuring PA, HR, and sleep.
“Similar to other reviews, most devices were wrist-worn fitness trackers and accelerometers, and most of them are from the company Fitbit, measuring PA, HR, and sleep [3,27,31,224,225].”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
One factor for the American-European gap may be differences in political and administrative frameworks, such as CE and FDA processes, which may result in slower certification processes for wearables and new technologies in Europe.
“One factor may be the differences in political and administrative frameworks, for example, comparing CE and FDA processes, which may result in slower certification processes for wearables and new technologies in general [31].”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Although data analytic skills are needed for handling big data sets, their analysis might be extremely valuable for health research in generating new evidence.
“Although data analytic skills are needed for handling big data sets, their analysis might be extremely valuable for health research in generating new evidence [31,225].”
From The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Jacobsen, M., Dembek, T. A., Kobbe, G., Gaidzik, P. W., & Heinemann, L.
- Affiliations
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- University Hospital Cologne (DE)
- Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
- Science-Consulting in Diabetes, Neuss, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Jacobsen, Malte
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-02-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-43
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7783016
- OpenAlex
- W3005993122
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- wearable devices, vital signs monitoring, digital biomarkers, motion sensors, movement disorders, physical activity monitoring, cardiovascular parameters, wrist-worn sensors, non-invasive monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Biomarkers, Exercise, Vital Signs
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