Cited by 221Diabetes Management and ResearchSpectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical ResearchNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

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Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

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Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat, Quinones, Stella·2020·Sensors

DOI 10.3390/s20051251PMC PMC7085605

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Abstract

Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.

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Authors: Shokrekhodaei, M., & Quinones, S.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Corresponding author: Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat
ORCID: Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat
Venue: Sensors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-02-25
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Pages: 1251
ISSN: 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/s20051251
PMC: PMC7085605
OpenAlex: W3007868482
Cited by: 221
References: 233
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 14
FWCI: 5.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: University of Texas at El Paso
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords: non-invasive glucose monitoring, diabetes mellitus, continuous glucose monitoring, optical glucose sensor, clinical accuracy
MeSH terms: Acetone, Blood Glucose, Breath Tests, Electricity, Humans, Biosensing Techniques, Optics and Photonics

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