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Cited by 221Diabetes Management and ResearchSpectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical ResearchNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 230 of the 233 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

Open access
Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat, Quinones, Stella·2020·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s20051251PMC PMC7085605
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Abstract

Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.

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Crossref · 10.3390/s20051251

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 Non-invasive glucose sensing techniques.
Figure 1 Non-invasive glucose sensing techniques.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Non-Invasive glucose measurement techniques based on glucose and tissue/blood properties.
Figure 2 Non-Invasive glucose measurement techniques based on glucose and tissue/blood properties.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Skin tissue layers.
Figure 3 Skin tissue layers.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Types of Interactions between Light (Photons) and Tissue.
Figure 4 Types of Interactions between Light (Photons) and Tissue.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 A simplified schematic illustrating transmission absorption spectroscopy.
Figure 5 A simplified schematic illustrating transmission absorption spectroscopy.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 A simplified schematic illustrating polarimeter.
Figure 6 A simplified schematic illustrating polarimeter.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 A simplified schematic illustrating Raman spectroscopy.
Figure 7 A simplified schematic illustrating Raman spectroscopy.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 A simplified schematic illustrating scattering spectroscopy of a (a) low glucose concentration tissue sample versus a (b) high glucose concentration tissue sample.
Figure 8 A simplified schematic illustrating scattering spectroscopy of a (a) low glucose concentration tissue sample versus a (b) high glucose concentration tissue sample.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 A simplified schematic illustrating optical coherence tomography of tissue.
Figure 9 A simplified schematic illustrating optical coherence tomography of tissue.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 10 (a) A simplified schematic illustrating tissue impedance spectroscopy, (b) An electrical model for a single red blood cell.
Figure 10 (a) A simplified schematic illustrating tissue impedance spectroscopy, (b) An electrical model for a single red blood cell.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 11 A simplified schematic illustrating a reflection mode EM measurement.
Figure 11 A simplified schematic illustrating a reflection mode EM measurement.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Lide, D.R. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press. [85th ed.].

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Metadata

Authors
Shokrekhodaei, M., & Quinones, S.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
  • Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
Corresponding author
Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat
ORCID
Shokrekhodaei, Maryamsadat
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-02-25
Volume
20
Issue
5
Pages
1251
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s20051251
PMC
PMC7085605
OpenAlex
W3007868482
Cited by
221
References
233
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 14
FWCI
5.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
University of Texas at El Paso
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords
non-invasive glucose monitoring, diabetes mellitus, continuous glucose monitoring, optical glucose sensor, clinical accuracy
MeSH terms
Acetone, Blood Glucose, Breath Tests, Electricity, Humans, Biosensing Techniques, Optics and Photonics

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