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Cited by 139Infrared Thermography in MedicineNon-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringThermal Regulation in Medicine

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Investigation of the Impact of Infrared Sensors on Core Body Temperature Monitoring by Comparing Measurement Sites

Open access
Chen, Hsuan-Yu, Chen, Andrew, Chen, Chiachung·2020·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s20102885PMC PMC7284737
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Abstract

Many types of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Infrared thermometers (IRT) are fast, convenient and ease to use. Two types of infrared thermometers are uses to measure body temperature: tympanic and forehead. With the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus, forehead temperature measurement is used widely to screen people for the illness. The performance of this type of device and the criteria for screening are worth studying. This study evaluated the performance of two types of tympanic infrared thermometers and an industrial infrared thermometer. The results showed that these infrared thermometers provide good precision. A fixed offset between tympanic and forehead temperature were found. The measurement values for wrist temperature show significant offsets with the tympanic temperature and cannot be used to screen fevers. The standard operating procedure (SOP) for the measurement of body temperature using an infrared thermometer was proposed. The suggestion threshold for the forehead temperature is 36 °C for screening of fever. The body temperature of a person who is possibly ill is then measured using a tympanic infrared thermometer for the purpose of a double check.

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Crossref · 10.3390/s20102885

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 The relationship between the air temperatures and body temperatures measured at the ear, forehead and wrist.
Figure 1 The relationship between the air temperatures and body temperatures measured at the ear, forehead and wrist.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The relationship between Earave–forehead and Earave (the average temperature of both ears). Earave–forehead is the difference between average ear temperature (Earave) and forehead temperature.
Figure 2 The relationship between Earave–forehead and Earave (the average temperature of both ears). Earave–forehead is the difference between average ear temperature (Earave) and forehead temperature.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 The relationship between Earave–wrist and Earave (the average temperature of both ears). Earave–wrist is the difference between the average ear temperature (Earave) and wrist temperature.
Figure 3 The relationship between Earave–wrist and Earave (the average temperature of both ears). Earave–wrist is the difference between the average ear temperature (Earave) and wrist temperature.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 The relationship between Bave–Forehead and Bave: Bave–Forehead is the difference between the average era temperature (Earave) using a BRAUN infrared thermometer and the forehead temperature using a THI-301 infrared thermometer.
Figure 4 The relationship between Bave–Forehead and Bave: Bave–Forehead is the difference between the average era temperature (Earave) using a BRAUN infrared thermometer and the forehead temperature using a THI-301 infrared thermometer.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 The relationship between the Bave–Wristright, the Bave–Wristleft and the Bave. Bave–Wristright is the difference between the average ear temperature (Earave) using a BRAUN infrared thermometer and the right wrist temperature using a THI-301.
Figure 5 The relationship between the Bave–Wristright, the Bave–Wristleft and the Bave. Bave–Wristright is the difference between the average ear temperature (Earave) using a BRAUN infrared thermometer and the right wrist temperature using a THI-301.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Berksoy, 2018, Comparison of infrared tympanic, non-contact infrared skin, and axillary thermometer to rectal temperature measurements in a pediatric emergency observation unit, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 11, 567
  2. Myers, R.H. (1990). Classical and Modern Regression with Applications, Duxbury Press. [2nd ed.].

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, H.-Y., Chen, A., & Chen, C.
Affiliations
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • National Chung Hsing University (TW)
Corresponding author
Chen, Chiachung
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-05-19
Volume
20
Issue
10
Pages
2885
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s20102885
PMC
PMC7284737
OpenAlex
W3025566666
Cited by
139
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 15
FWCI
12.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST107-2313-B005-012)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Infrared Thermography in Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
Keywords
infrared thermometer, core body temperature, tympanic temperature, forehead temperature, wrist temperature, fever screening, COVID-19 pandemic, measurement site comparison, standard operating procedures, temperature measurement accuracy
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Body Temperature, Fever, Forehead, Humans, Infrared Rays, Pneumonia, Viral, Thermometers, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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