Cited by 24Cryptography and Data SecurityVehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)Cloud Data Security Solutions

A Survey on Secure Computation Based on Homomorphic Encryption in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

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Sun, Xiaoqiang, Yu, F. Richard, Zhang, Peng, Xie, Weixin, Peng, Xiang·2020·Sensors

Abstract

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the security and privacy of vehicle data are core issues. In order to analyze vehicle data, they need to be computed. Encryption is a common method to guarantee the security of vehicle data in the process of data dissemination and computation. However, encrypted vehicle data cannot be analyzed easily and flexibly. Because homomorphic encryption supports computations of the ciphertext, it can completely solve this problem. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of secure computation based on homomorphic encryption in VANETs. We first describe the related definitions and the current state of homomorphic encryption. Next, we present the framework, communication domains, wireless access technologies and cyber-security issues of VANETs. Then, we describe the state of the art of secure basic operations, data aggregation, data query and other data computation in VANETs. Finally, several challenges and open issues are discussed for future research.

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  • HE introduces prohibitive latency in large-scale traffic simulations due to polynomial-degree ciphertext operations, conflicting with sub-second response requirements for dynamic traffic management.

    “HE, though theoretically robust, introduces prohibitive latency in large-scale traffic simulations due to polynomial-degree ciphertext operations, conflicting with sub-second response requirements for dynamic traffic management [2, 109, 132].”

    From Privacy-preserving Machine Learning in Internet of Vehicle Applications: Fundamentals, Recent Advances, and Future Direction (2025) · cites this paper as [132]

    Section 4.5 (Challenges and Future Research Directions; page unavailable) says fully homomorphic encryption has excessively long multiplication times, making real-time communication in vehicular networks difficult. It does not establish prohibitive latency in large-scale traffic simulations, attribute that latency to polynomial-degree ciphertext operations, or specify sub-second requirements for dynamic traffic management. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • A few studies focused on specific PPML techniques within IoV applications, such as HE in VANETs, local-DP for securing IoV systems, BC-PPML in IoV, blockchain-enabled FL in IoV, blockchain for IoV, and FL in CAVs and ITS applications.

    “A few studies focused on specific PPML techniques within IoV applications, such HE in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) [132], local-DP for securing IoV systems [191], BC-PPML in IoV [56], blockchain-enabled FL in IoV [13], blockchain for IoV (discussed some aspects of BC-PPML) [151], and FL in CAVs [18] and ITS applications [185, 186].”

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3 of the 181 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [28]Coron J.S. Naccache D. Tibouchi M. Public key compression and modulus switching for fully homomorphic encryption over the integers Proceedings of the Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT 2012 Cambridge, UK 15–19 April 2012 446 464
  2. [106]Nunez J. Tran V. Katangur A. Protecting the unmanned aerial vehicle from cyberattacks Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Management Las Vegas, NV, USA 29 July– 1 August 2019 154 157
  3. [114]Mondal A. Jana M. Detection of fabrication, replay and suppression attack in VANET-a database approach Proceedings of the Conference on Advancement in Computation, Communication and Electronics Paradigm Majitar, Sikkim, India 25–28 February 2019 38 42

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Authors
Sun, X., Yu, F. R., Zhang, P., Xie, W., & Peng, X.
Affiliations
  • Shenzhen University (CN)
  • Carleton University (CA)
Corresponding author
Zhang, Peng
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-07-30
Volume
20
Issue
15
Pages
4253
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3045552396
Cited by
23
References
181
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4
FWCI
0.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China ([61702341], 61702342)
  • China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M653042)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cryptography and Data Security
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Data Security Solutions
Keywords
homomorphic encryption, vehicular ad hoc networks, secure computation, vehicle data privacy, data aggregation, data query, VANET security, wireless access technologies

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