The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Indeed, it is remarkable that glucose levels in biofluids, such as ISF (Figure 4B), sweat (Figure 4C), saliva, tears, and urine (Figure 4 D, E, F, respectively) are correlated with those in the blood 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As stated above, over the years, enzymatic amperometric glucose sensors were the first and widespread glucose sensors available 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“It is widely known that enzymatic sensors such as those based on glucose oxidase are more stable than other enzymes, easy to obtain, and cheap; on the other hand, it quickly loses its activity at pH<2 or pH>8 and can be irrevocably damaged at temperatures above 40 °C 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,676
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572
Gabriel, S., Lau, R. W., & Gabriel, C. (1996) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/003 · Cited by 4,175
ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
Clark, L. C., & Lyons, C. (1962) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x · Cited by 3,945
Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors
Wang, J. (2008) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr068123a · Cited by 3,498
Standards of medical care in diabetes 2010
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s011 · Cited by 3,470
Nathan, D. M., & for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2112 · Cited by 1,832
Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring
Yang, Y., & Gao, W. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00730b · Cited by 1,315
Flexible Electronics toward Wearable Sensing
Gao, W. F., Ota, H., Kiriya, D., Takei, K., & Javey, A. (2019) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00500 · Cited by 1,301
Microneedles: A smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system
Waghule, T., Singhvi, G., Dubey, S. K., Pandey, M. M., Gupta, G., Singh, M., & Dua, K. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.078 · Cited by 1,277
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 491
Ghosh, M., & Bora, V. R. (2025) · Discover Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44337-025-00273-1 · Cited by 25
Diabetes: Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Using Federated Learning with Biosensor Signals
Chellamani, N., Albelwi, S. A., Manimurugan, S., Amirthalingam, P., & Paul, A. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15040255 · Cited by 23
Unstimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Blood Glucose Prediction
Cui, Y., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Lü, P., Duan, Z., Liu, T., Zuo, J., Lü, X., Liao, Z., Wang, S., et al. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app112311367 · Cited by 23
On the use of fiber lasers in non-invasive blood glucose monitoring
Peng, X., Yan, Y., & Liu, H. (2022) · Optical Fiber Technology · doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2022.102822 · Cited by 25
Xu, J., Shen, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Lv, X., & Zhu, G. (2024) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2024.143952 · Cited by 23
Microfluidic-based systems for the management of diabetes
Zhang, S., & Staples, A. (2024) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-024-01569-y · Cited by 22
Savaş, İ. N., & Coşkun, A. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15071011 · Cited by 23
Wei, Y., Chen, W., Ma, Y., Zhao, Y., Dai, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, S., Zhou, Y., Ye, X., & Liang, B. (2025) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-025-01089-w · Cited by 23
A Mediated Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor Using Paper-Based Laser-Induced Graphene
Gao, P., Kasama, T., Shin, J., Huang, Y., & Miyake, R. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12110995 · Cited by 22
Prasad, P. N. S. B. S. V., Syed, A. H., Himansh, M., Jana, B., Mandal, P., & Sanki, P. K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53691-z · Cited by 23
Baştürk, M., Yüzer, E., Şen, M., & Kılıç, V. (2024) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202400202 · Cited by 21
Pal, D., Beiderman, Y., Beiderman, Y., Kumar, A., & Zalevsky, Z. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.097001 · Cited by 21
Wang, Q., Li, S., Chen, J., Yang, L., Qiu, Y., Du, Q., Wang, C., Teng, M., Wang, T., & Dong, Y. (2023) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkad289 · Cited by 20
Lin, S., Ouyang, Y., Lin, W., Zhou, X., Miao, M., Cheng, E., Jiang, Y. H., Meng, Z., Jin, M., Zhang, S., et al. (2024) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2024.103847 · Cited by 20
Flexible cellulose paper-based biosensor from inkjet printing for non-invasive glucose monitoring
Zhang, B., Wang, L., Chang, S.-J., Jing, Y., Sun, T., Lei, Z., Chen, C.-J., & Liu, J. (2024) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108527 · Cited by 20
Self-citationSensor Technologies for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring
Shi, J., Fernández, R., & Gil, I. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25123591 · Cited by 19
Nanomaterials for IoT Sensing Platforms and Point-of-Care Applications in South Korea
Choi, S.-H., Lee, J., Choi, W.-J., Seo, J., & Choi, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22020610 · Cited by 19
Peng, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, W.-Y., Zhou, H., & Yang, F. Q. (2022) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129744 · Cited by 19
Dual quantum cascade lasers for noninvasive glucose detection using photoacoustic spectroscopy
Aloraynan, A., Rassel, S., Kaysir, M. R., & Ban, D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34912-3 · Cited by 19
Yang, K., Wang, Q., Novoselov, K. S., & Andreeva, D. V. (2023) · Nanoscale Horizons · doi:10.1039/d3nh00203a · Cited by 19
Diagnostic methods employing kidney biomarkers clinching biosensors as promising tools
Yadav, N., Narang, J., Chhillar, A. K., Rana, J. S., Siddique, M. U. M., Kenawy, E., Alkahtani, S. H., Ahsan, M. N., Nayak, A. K., & Hasnain, M. S. (2023) · Sensors International · doi:10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100253 · Cited by 19
Kaysir, M. R., Zaman, T. M., Rassel, S., Wang, J., & Ban, D. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24216963 · Cited by 19
Ghosh, N., & Verma, S. (2024) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2422005 · Cited by 18
Lenar, N., & Paczosa‐Bator, B. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115001 · Cited by 19
Optical biosensors for diabetes management: Advancing into stimuli-responsive sensing mechanisms
Singh, K., Agarwal, T., Kumar, U., Pal, S., Runthala, A., Pan, T.-M., & Wu, C. C. (2022) · Smart Materials in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.smaim.2022.08.003 · Cited by 18
Optical blood glucose non-invasive detection and its research progress
Peng, Z., & Yang, Z. (2024) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d4an01048e · Cited by 18
Xi, J., Sun, H., Li, J., Deng, L., Yang, Y., Zheng, H., Feng, D., Huang, X., Zhang, J., & Li, X. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110978 · Cited by 17
Microwave Antenna Sensing for Glucose Monitoring in a Vein Model Mimicking Human Physiology
Zaarour, Y., Arroud, F. E., Fernandez, T., Cano, J. L., Alami, R. E., Mrabet, O. E., Benani, A., Faik, A., & Griguer, H. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15050282 · Cited by 17
Flexible Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring System and Low-Power Design: A Review
Zheng, C., Yong, C., Wei, Q., & Qiao, F. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25164913 · Cited by 17
Althobaiti, M. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12100805 · Cited by 17
Amri, F., Kasim, W., Rochliadi, A., & Patah, A. (2023) · Sensors and Actuators Reports · doi:10.1016/j.snr.2023.100141 · Cited by 17
Mittal, R., Koutras, N., Maya, J., Lemos, J. R. N., & Hirani, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1352302 · Cited by 18
Metasurface‐enhanced biomedical spectroscopy
Li, Q., Yu, S., Li, Z., Liu, W., Cheng, H., & Chen, S. (2025) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2024-0589 · Cited by 17
Chiu, W., Chang, T. M., Sone, M., HOSODA, H., Tixier‐Mita, A., & Toshiyoshi, H. (2025) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.4c06706 · Cited by 17
The Development, Characteristics, and Challenges of Biosensors: The Example of Blood Glucose Meters
Chen, H., & Chen, C. (2025) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors13080300 · Cited by 16
Self-citationFacile immobilization of glucose oxidase with Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O for glucose biosensing via smartphone
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, C., Ma, C., Zhang, M., & Tang, J. (2021) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112259 · Cited by 16
Review of point-of-care platforms for diabetes: (1) sensing
Liu, Y., Luo, X., Yu, Q., Ye, L., Yang, L., & Cui, Y. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators Reports · doi:10.1016/j.snr.2022.100113 · Cited by 19
Waghmare, A., Parizi, F. S., Hoffman, J. S., Wang, Y., Thompson, M. J., & Patel, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3580855 · Cited by 16
Non-Invasive IR-Based Measurement of Human Blood Glucose
Darwich, M. A., Shahen, A., Daoud, A., Lahia, A., Diab, J. M., & Ismaiel, E. (2023) · International Electronic Conference on Biosensors (IECB) · doi:10.3390/iecb2023-14593 · Cited by 16
Park, S., Nam, D. Y., Jeon, H., Han, J. H., Jang, D., Hwang, J., Park, Y.-S., Han, Y., Choy, Y. B., & Lee, D. Y. (2023) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-023-00469-5 · Cited by 18
Jiao, D., Zhang, R., Zhang, H., Ma, H., Zhang, X., Fan, X., & Chang, H. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.342186 · Cited by 16
Fan, L., Jiang, Y., Deng, R., Zhu, H., Dai, X., Liang, H., Li, N., & Qian, Z. (2024) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.3c02474 · Cited by 16
Non-invasive glucometer monitoring system through optical based near-infrared sensor method
Vanaja, S., Ravi Babu, T., Malathi, M., Saxena, K. K., Sheela, J. J. J., Suruthi, S., Sakthi Soubarnika, B., Nagaprasad, N., Ramaswamy, K., Bandhu, D., et al. (2024) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization · doi:10.1080/21681163.2024.2327423 · Cited by 16
Marzouk, H. M., El-Hameed, A. S. A., Allam, A., Pokharel, R. K., & Abdel-Rahman, A. B. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3544356 · Cited by 16
PPG-based glucose sensors: a review
Jiang, H., Yao, T., & Ding, C. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11379-4 · Cited by 20
Zhu, J., Liu, W., Zhang, B., Zhou, D., Fan, X., Wang, X., & Liu, X. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12173065 · Cited by 15
Li, X., Hu, X., Li, A., Kometani, R., Yamada, I., Sashida, K., Noma, M., Nakanishi, K., Fukuda, Y., Takemori, T., et al. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2022.114070 · Cited by 15
Chen, J., & Furukawa, H. (2023) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2023.104717 · Cited by 15
Ting, J.-H., Lin, P.-C., Gupta, S., Liu, C.-H., Yang, T., Lee, C., Lai, Y., & Tai, N. (2023) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d3na00340j · Cited by 15
Dermal-fluid-enabled detection platforms for non-invasive ambulatory monitoring
Veronica, A., Li, Y., Li, Y., Hsing, I., & Nyein, H. Y. Y. (2023) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d3sd00165b · Cited by 15
Metamaterial-enabled microwave sensor for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring
Patel, S., Singh, A., Mitra, D., & Koley, C. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105782 · Cited by 15
Hossain, S., Haque, C. A., & Kim, K. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11156867 · Cited by 15
Finger-Actuated Micropump of Constant Flow Rate without Backflow
Ahmad, N. N., Ghazali, N. N. N., Rani, A. T. A., Othman, M. H., Kee, C. C., Jiwanti, P. K., Rodríguez‐Gómez, A., & Wong, Y. H. (2023) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi14040881 · Cited by 15
Fiore, L., Sinha, A., Seddaoui, N., di Biasio, J., Ricci, F., Stojanović, G. M., & Arduini, F. (2023) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d2cc06561d · Cited by 14
Dielectric Models of Blood-Glucose Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review
Dima, R., Costanzo, S., & Solimene, R. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3479099 · Cited by 14
Additively manufactured microwave sensor for glucose level detection in saliva
Piekarz, I., Skarżyński, K., Piekarz, B., Wincza, K., Gruszczyński, S., Słoma, M., & Sorocki, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79867-1 · Cited by 14
Non-Invasive Metal Oxide Sensors on Exhaled Aceton
Aroutiounian, V. M. (2021) · Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.3103/s1068337221020043 · Cited by 14
Prada, E. J. A., & Bolaños, S. M. (2023) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2023.105338 · Cited by 14
Marzouk, H. M., El-Hameed, A. S. A., Allam, A., Pokharel, R. K., & Abdel-Rahman, A. B. (2023) · International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications · doi:10.1002/cta.3903 · Cited by 14
Das, P., Behera, B. C., Panigrahy, S. K., Sahu, A. K., & Tripathy, S. K. (2023) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103256 · Cited by 13
Edward, R., & Priefer, R. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.10.009 · Cited by 13
Continuous glucose monitoring: Minimally and non-invasive technologies
Lee, J. E., Sridharan, B., Kim, D., Sung, Y., Park, J. H., & Lim, H. G. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120358 · Cited by 13
A look to the future: Pandemic-induced digital technologies in vascular surgery
Lin, J. C., Welle, N., Ding, J., & Chuen, J. (2021) · Seminars in Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.08.003 · Cited by 13
A Microfluidic PET-Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor
Yang, L., Zhang, Z., & Wang, X. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13040552 · Cited by 13
Skin-Attachable Sensors for Biomedical Applications
Hua, J., Li, J., Jiang, Y., Xie, S., Shi, Y., & Pan, L. (2022) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-022-00018-z · Cited by 12
Chen, L.-T., Chang, C., Chien, L., Lee, B., & Shieh, W. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23115087 · Cited by 12
Design of biosensor based on graphene oxide/WO3/polyvinylidene fluoride
Sobhy, M., Khafagy, R. M., Soliman, A. A., & Ibrahim, M. (2023) · Optical and Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1007/s11082-023-04975-7 · Cited by 12
Lubangakene, I. D., Virdee, B. S., Jayanthi, R. K. R., & Ganguly, P. (2023) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101328 · Cited by 12
Enhanced Sensitivity in Optical Sensors through Self-Image Theory and Graphene Oxide Coating
Cunha, C., Monteiro, C. S., Vaz, A., Silva, S., Frazão, O., & Novais, S. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24030891 · Cited by 12
Heineman, W. R., Kissinger, P. T., & Wehmeyer, K. R. (2021) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac33e3 · Cited by 12
Noninvasive blood glucose sensing by secondary speckle pattern artificial intelligence analyses
Pal, D., Kumar, A., Avraham, N., Eisenbach, Y., Beiderman, Y., Agdarov, S., Beiderman, Y., & Zalevsky, Z. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.087001 · Cited by 12
Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome
Donjuán-Loredo, G., Espinosa‐Tanguma, R., & Ramírez‐Elías, M. G. (2021) · Applied Spectroscopy Reviews · doi:10.1080/05704928.2021.1944175 · Cited by 12
3D-printed hollow microneedle-based electrochemical sensor for wireless glucose monitoring
Chen, C., Fu, Y., Lin, Y., Liu, Y., Du, D., & Qiu, K. (2026) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d5an01058f · Cited by 11
Self-citationDuc, L. A., Tùng, N. T., Tran, O. T., Tri, N. Q., & Linh, N. T. (2023) · Mobile Networks and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-023-02184-w · Cited by 11
Monolithic integrated MQW-based optoelectronic glucose sensor
Gao, X., Li, T., Wu, D., Zhu, F., Xie, M., Wang, Y., & Shi, Z. (2023) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.505034 · Cited by 11
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using RF Spectroscopy and a LightGBM AI Model
Klyve, D., Lowe, S., Currie, K., Anderson, J. H., Ward, C., & Shelton, B. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3405800 · Cited by 11
Review: Comparison of traditional and modern diagnostic methods in breast cancer
Elaibi, H. K., Mutlag, F. F., Halvacı, E., Aygün, A., & Şen, F. (2024) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116258 · Cited by 11
Lee, B., Lee, J., Lee, H., Park, H. J., Kwack, M., Kim, D. Y., Park, I., Lim, S. K., & Lee, D.-S. (2024) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.4c02502 · Cited by 12
Somsiri, S., Kaewjangwad, C., Malarat, N., Wangchuk, S., Saichanapan, J., Samoson, K., Promsuwan, K., Saisahas, K., Soleh, A., Phairatana, T., et al. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.113623 · Cited by 11
In-situ blood glucose level detection based on a non-enzymatic microneedle biosensor
Yao, R., Wu, Z., Olatunji, O. Y., Yunusov, K. E., Turakulov, F. M. U., Chen, J., & Jiang, G. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.115991 · Cited by 10
V, P., Hussain, S. A., Singha, A. K., Jana, B., Mandal, P., & Sanki, P. K. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A: Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116391 · Cited by 10
A non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system
Al-Jammas, M. H., Iobaid, A. S., Al-Deen, M. M. N., & Aziz, Y. W. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110133 · Cited by 10
Metal Nanocomposites as Biosensors for Biological Fluids Analysis
Chicea, D., & Nicolae-Maranciuc, A. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18081809 · Cited by 10
Dahis, D., Dion, M. Z., Cryer, A. M., Dosta, P., Gilboa, T., Alonso, M., Lewandowski, M., Puigmal, N., Taboada, G. M., Azhari, H., et al. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202301659 · Cited by 10
Rebecca, P. N. B., Durgalakshmi, D., & Rakkesh, R. A. (2024) · Analysis & Sensing · doi:10.1002/anse.202400078 · Cited by 10
Accuracy of a Non-Invasive Home Glucose Monitor for Measurement of Blood Glucose
Mondal, H., Biri, S. K., Pipil, N., & Mondal, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_36_23 · Cited by 9
Makkar, B. M., Agarwal, S., Seshadri, K., Kesavadev, J., Chawla, M. S., & Saboo, B. (2024) · International journal of clinical metabolism and diabetes. · doi:10.1177/30502071241293567 · Cited by 9
Patra, S., Sahoo, D., & Swain, S. K. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137761 · Cited by 9
Heterostructured NixFe3-xO4 composites for sub-ppm acetone detection
Liao, X., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Li, S., Ren, G., Ou, Y., Chen, S., Wu, Z., Huang, A., Liu, X., et al. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.137425 · Cited by 9
Great elastomer-based composites for robust and portable wearable sensors: A critical review
Kumar, V., Alam, M. N., Yewale, M. A., & Park, S. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators A Physical · doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116563 · Cited by 9
A novel 2D photonic crystal sensor for efficient blood glucose monitoring
Hamed, M. M., Mohammed, N. A., & Badawi, K. A. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117857 · Cited by 9
Optical Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Using Aqueous Humor: A Review
Xi, H., & Gong, Y. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25134236 · Cited by 11
Systematic Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection Using Hydrogel-Protected Ag–Cu/MWCNTs Nanocomposites
Huang, J.-K., Chen, S.-Y., & Lin, M. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c06932 · Cited by 9
Yousefizad, M., Manavizadeh, N., & Raissi, F. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107732 · Cited by 9
Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring
Abreu, C., Bédard, C., Lourme, J.-C., & Piro, B. (2026) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios16020093 · Cited by 12
Portable Infrared-Based Glucometer Reinforced with Fuzzy Logic
Nazha, H. M., Darwich, M. A., Ismaiel, E., Shahen, A., Nasser, T., Assaad, M. M., & Juhre, D. (2023) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13110991 · Cited by 9
Gas- and Biosensors Made from Metal Oxides Doped with Carbon Nanotubes
Aroutiounian, V. M. (2022) · Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.3103/s1068337222010054 · Cited by 9
A Deep Sparse Capsule Network for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Level Estimation Using a PPG Sensor
Chellamani, N., Albelwi, S. A., Manimurugan, S., Amirthalingam, P., Alharbi, E., Alatawi, H. Q., Prabahar, K., Aljabri, J., & Paul, A. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25061868 · Cited by 8
Hybrid Mamba-MoE model for non-invasive blood glucose prediction
Şentürk, Ü., Adıgüzel, G., & Polat, K. (2025) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110549 · Cited by 8
Engineering smart bacteria for the next generation
Qiao, L., Wang, Z., Tang, S., Tian, J., Ye, H., & Cai, F. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102681 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, L., Chang, S. J., Chen, C.-J., & Liu, J.-T.
- Affiliations
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- I-Shou University (TW)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Ching-Jung
- Liu, Jen-Tsai
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 6925
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7731259
- OpenAlex
- W3106856419
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 32
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- non-invasive glucose monitoring, diabetes mellitus, optical glucose sensing, electrochemical glucose sensor, continuous glucose monitoring, point-of-care testing, wearable sensors
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Blood Glucose, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biosensing Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
