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Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
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“Indeed, it is remarkable that glucose levels in biofluids, such as ISF (Figure 4B), sweat (Figure 4C), saliva, tears, and urine (Figure 4 D, E, F, respectively) are correlated with those in the blood 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
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“As stated above, over the years, enzymatic amperometric glucose sensors were the first and widespread glucose sensors available 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
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“It is widely known that enzymatic sensors such as those based on glucose oxidase are more stable than other enzymes, easy to obtain, and cheap; on the other hand, it quickly loses its activity at pH<2 or pH>8 and can be irrevocably damaged at temperatures above 40 °C 76.”
From Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices (2022) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, L., Chang, S. J., Chen, C.-J., & Liu, J.-T.
- Affiliations
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- I-Shou University (TW)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Ching-Jung
- Liu, Jen-Tsai
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 6925
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7731259
- OpenAlex
- W3106856419
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 32
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- non-invasive glucose monitoring, diabetes mellitus, optical glucose sensing, electrochemical glucose sensor, continuous glucose monitoring, point-of-care testing, wearable sensors
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Blood Glucose, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biosensing Techniques
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