Evaluating the Performance of Video-Based Automated Passenger Counting Systems in Real-World Conditions: A Comparative Study
Open accessAbstract
Automatic passenger counting (APC) systems in public transport are useful in collecting information that can help improve the efficiency of transport networks. Focusing on video-based passenger counting, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare an existing APC system, claimed by its manufacturer to be highly accurate (98%), with a newly developed low-cost APC system operating under the same real-world conditions. For this comparison, a low-cost APC system using a Raspberry Pi with a camera and a YOLOv5 object detection algorithm was developed, and an in-field experiment was performed in collaboration with the public transport companies operating in the cities of Turin and Asti in Italy. The experiment shows that the low-cost system was able to achieve an accuracy of 72.27% and 74.59%, respectively, for boarding and alighting, while the tested commercial APC system had an accuracy, respectively, of 53.11% and 55.29%. These findings suggest that current APC systems might not meet expectations under real-world conditions, while low-cost systems could potentially perform at the same level of accuracy or even better than very expensive commercial systems.
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There are systems that feature a Raspberry Pi with a camera with a total cost of approximately AUD 560.
“There are systems that feature a Raspberry Pi with a camera with a total cost of approximately AUD 560.”
From A Review of Passenger Counting in Public Transport Concepts with Solution Proposal Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The accuracy and precision of commercial optical-based solutions are claimed to be between 98 and 99 percent, but these indicators are deceptive because they are usually obtained under ideal conditions.
“The accuracy and precision of the different optical-based solutions are claimed to be between 98 and 99 percent in every case, but the indicators are deceptive since they are usually obtained under ideal conditions (depot or in a laboratory test).”
From A Review of Passenger Counting in Public Transport Concepts with Solution Proposal Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
The cost of a commercial APC is between EUR 1500 and EUR 3000 per door, and generally it is supplied as a part of a service with a monthly fee.
“The cost of a commercial APC is between EUR 1500 and EUR 3000 per door, and generally it is supplied as a part of a service with a monthly fee.”
From A Review of Passenger Counting in Public Transport Concepts with Solution Proposal Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Pronello, C., & Garzón Ruiz, X. R.
- Affiliations
- Politecnico di Torino (IT)
- Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Politecnico di Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Pronello, Cristina
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-09-07
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 7719
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10537391
- OpenAlex
- W4386498394
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PORTO@Iris (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Keywords
- automatic passenger counting, public transport, Raspberry Pi, YOLOv5, object detection, passenger flow monitoring
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