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Text messaging reminders to reduce non-attendance in chronic disease follow-up: a clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Non-attendance results in administrative problems and disruption in patient care. Several interventions have been used to reduce non-attendance, with varying degree of success. A relatively new intervention, text messaging, has been shown to be as effective as telephone reminders in reducing non-attendance. However, no study has looked specifically at using text messaging reminders to reduce non-attendance in chronic disease care. AIM: To determine if text messaging would be effective in reducing non-attendance in patients on long-term followup, compared with telephone reminders and no reminder. DESIGN OF STUDY: A randomised controlled trial with three arms: text messaging reminder, telephone reminder, and control. SETTING: Two primary care clinics in Malaysia. METHOD: A total of 931 subjects who had been on at least 6 months of follow-up were randomised into the three groups. Demographic variables were recorded at the first visit. In the intervention arms, a reminder was sent 24–48 hours prior to the appointment. Non-attendance rate was documented at the second visit. Non-attenders were defined as those who did not attend, attended early, or attended late without rescheduling their appointment. Attenders were defined as participants who had turned up for their scheduled appointment and those who had changed or cancelled their appointment with notification. RESULTS: The non-attendance rates in the text messaging group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 0.93, P = 0.020) and the telephone reminder group (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.81), P = 0.003) were significantly lower than the control group. The absolute non-attendance rate for telephone reminders was lower by 2% compared to the text messaging group. This difference was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.505). CONCLUSION: Text messaging was found to be as effective as telephone reminder in reducing non-attendance in patients who required long-term follow-up for their chronic illnesses in this study. It could be used as an alternative to conventional reminder systems.
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“The nonattendance rates for the three groups were 13.7% for the text messaging group, 15.6% for the telephone group, and 23.0% for the control group.”
From The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care (2016) · cites this paper as [95]
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“When the control group was used as reference, the odds ratio for the telephone group was 0.53, and that for text messaging was 0.62.”
From The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care (2016) · cites this paper as [95]
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“Differences between telephone and text messages were not statistically different, and both types reduced nonattendance more than the control group.”
From The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care (2016) · cites this paper as [95]
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“two studies included in our review show that they are also effective at increasing attendance rates of patients with NCDs [26, 30].”
From A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mHealth interventions against non-communicable diseases in developing countries (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“The most basic intervention in the category of remote monitoring & care support was an appointment-reminder system, where text messages were sent 24–48 h before the patients’ scheduled appointments [30].”
From A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mHealth interventions against non-communicable diseases in developing countries (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Liew et al. [30] found that text messages and telephone appointment reminders lowered non-attendance of patients significantly when compared to controls.”
From A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mHealth interventions against non-communicable diseases in developing countries (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liew, S.-M., Tong, S. F., Mun Lee, V. K., Ng, C. J., Leong, K. C., & Teng, C. L.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Deakin University (AU)
- IMU University (MY)
- Venue
- British Journal of General Practice
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 569
- Pages
- 916-920
- ISSN
- 0960-1643 (ISSN-L)
- 1478-5242
- PMC
- PMC2784529
- OpenAlex
- W2021342127
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of General Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The University of Malaya Research Repository (University of Malaya) (submittedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Universiti Malaya
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Keywords
- appointment non-attendance, SMS reminders, telephone reminders, chronic disease follow-up, primary care, appointment scheduling, reminder systems, patient attendance
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Primary Health Care, Reminder Systems, Cell Phone
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