Psychotherapies for PTSD: what do they have in common?
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Over the past three decades, research and clinical practice related to the field of traumatic stress have developed tremendously. In parallel with the steady accumulation of basic knowledge, therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat people suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related psychological problems. Today, a number of evidence-based treatments are available. They differ in various ways; however, they also have a number of commonalities. Given this situation, clinicians may wonder which treatment program to use, or more specifically, which treatment components are critical for a successful therapy. In this article, seven pioneers who have developed empirically supported psychotherapies for trauma-related disorders were asked to compose an essay of three parts: first, to provide a brief summary of the treatment they have developed; second, to identify three key interventions that are common and critical in treating PTSD; and third, to suggest important topics and future directions for research. The paper ends with a summary highlighting the identified commonalities (psychoeducation; emotion regulation and coping skills; imaginal exposure; cognitive processing, restructuring, and/or meaning making; emotions; and memory processes), pointing to future directions such as trying to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action, and developing treatments that are tailored to the needs of different patient groups.
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Therapies with the strongest empirical support generally focus on processing of trauma-related cognitions or memories.
“Therapies with the strongest empirical support generally focus on processing of trauma-related cognitions or memories (Schnyder et al., 2015).”
From Drug-facilitated sexual assault, impaired trauma memory, and implications for mental health treatment (2022) · cites this paper as Schnyder et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Schnyder, U., Ehlers, A., Elbert, T., Foa, E. B., Gersons, B. P. R., Resick, P. A., Shapiro, F., & Cloitre, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Duke University (US)
- Mental Research Institute (US)
- National Center for PTSD—Dissemination & Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Corresponding author
- Schnyder, Ulrich
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 28186-28186
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4541077
- OpenAlex
- W1755198206
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 31.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-08-31)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (069777)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH086611)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma-focused psychotherapy, empirically supported treatments, psychoeducation, emotion regulation, coping strategies, imaginal exposure, cognitive processes, meaning-making, memory processes, mechanism of action, treatment tailoring, trauma-related disorders
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