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Cited by 58Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsSleep and related disorders

An initial review of residual symptoms after empirically supported trauma-focused cognitive behavioral psychological treatment

Larsen, Sadie E., Bellmore, Aimee, Gobin, Robyn L., Holens, Pamela, Lawrence, Karen A., Pacella-LaBarbara, Maria L.·2019·Journal of Anxiety Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.008
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Abstract

Objective Although residual symptoms remain following clinical treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the characteristics of these residual symptoms. We aimed to determine the type, severity, and frequency of symptoms that remain after trauma-focused psychotherapy.Methods We conducted a systematic review of 51 randomized controlled trials of empirically supported psychosocial interventions for PTSD (68 total treatment arms). Outcomes included: 1) PTSD symptoms and 2) conditions commonly comorbid with PTSD: depression, anxiety, and quality of life impairment.Results In general, the results revealed that participants who completed PTSD treatment continued to report residual PTSD symptoms: 31% reported clinical symptom levels, and 59% reported subthreshold levels at posttreatment, particularly within the hyperarousal cluster. Residual symptoms also emerged for depression (19% clinical), anxiety (55% clinical), and quality of life (36% clinical). Few differences emerged across treatment types, but differential patterns were revealed for sample/trauma types.Conclusions Results suggest a need for focused research attention to and clinical assessment of individual residual symptoms following empirically supported treatment for PTSD to determine whether further treatment sessions are warranted.

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  • Studies have demonstrated persistent residual symptoms after trauma-focused therapies for PTSD.

    “Despite the efficacy of these treatments, studies have demonstrated notable dropout rates (Lewis et al., 2020) and persistent residual symptoms (Larsen et al., 2019).”

    From Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for PTSD in a HMO Psychiatry Clinic: An Open Trial (2024) · cites this paper as Larsen et al., 2019

  • A review of 51 randomized controlled trials of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies by Larsen et al. (2019) reported on average that 31% of participants experienced PTSD symptoms, 55% experienced anxiety symptoms, 19% experienced depressive symptoms, and 36% experienced quality of life impairments in the clinical range at posttreatment.

    “a review of 51 randomized controlled trials of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies by Larsen et al. (2019) reported on average that 31% of participants experienced PTSD symptoms, 55% experienced anxiety symptoms, 19% experienced depressive symptoms, and 36% experienced quality of life impairments in the clinical range at posttreatment.”

    From Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for PTSD in a HMO Psychiatry Clinic: An Open Trial (2024) · cites this paper as Larsen et al. (2019)

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Authors
Larsen, S. E., Bellmore, A., Gobin, R. L., Holens, P., Lawrence, K. A., & Pacella-LaBarbara, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
  • Pfeiffer University (US)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Deer Lodge Centre (CA)
  • University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author
Larsen, Sadie E.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
63
Pages
26-35
ISSN
0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.008
OpenAlex
W2912959213
Cited by
57
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5
FWCI
0.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Clement J. Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee, WI
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, residual symptoms, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, empirically supported treatments, hyperarousal, depression, anxiety, quality of life, comorbidities, treatment outcomes
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Quality of Life, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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