Postprandial energy expenditure in whole-food and processed-food meals: implications for daily energy expenditure
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Empirical evidence has shown that rising obesity rates closely parallel the increased consumption of processed foods (PF) consumption in USA. Differences in postprandial thermogenic responses to a whole-food (WF) meal vs. a PF meal may be a key factor in explaining obesity trends, but currently there is limited research exploring this potential link. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine if a particular PF meal has a greater thermodynamic efficiency than a comparable WF meal, thereby conferring a greater net-energy intake. DESIGN: Subjective satiation scores and postprandial energy expenditure were measured for 5-6 h after isoenergetic meals were ingested. The meals were either 'whole' or 'processed' cheese sandwiches; multi-grain bread and cheddar cheese were deemed whole, while white bread and processed cheese product were considered processed. Meals were comparable in terms of protein (15-20%), carbohydrate (40-50%), and fat (33-39%) composition. Subjects were healthy women (n=12) and men (n=5) studied in a crossover design. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in satiety ratings after the two meals. Average energy expenditure for the WF meal (137+/-14.1 kcal, 19.9% of meal energy) was significantly larger than for the PF meal (73.1+/-10.2 kcal, 10.7% of meal energy). CONCLUSION: Ingestion of the particular PF meal tested in this study decreases postprandial energy expenditure by nearly 50% compared with the isoenergetic WF meal. This reduction in daily energy expenditure has potential implications for diets comprised heavily of PFs and their associations with obesity.
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A previous study suggested that energy expenditure was about 60 kcal lower for 6 hours after consuming processed versus unprocessed sandwiches.
“a previous study suggesting that energy expenditure was ~60 kcal lower for 6 hours following consumption of processed versus unprocessed sandwiches (Barr and Wright, 2010)”
From Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake (2019) · cites this paper as Barr and Wright, 2010
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- Authors
- Barr, S., & Wright, J.
- Affiliations
- Pomona College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wright, JonathanC.
- Venue
- Food & Nutrition Research
- Publisher
- SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5144
- ISSN
- 1654-661X (ISSN-L)
- 1654-6628
- PMC
- PMC2897733
- OpenAlex
- W2028530772
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Food & Nutrition Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Pomona College
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Keywords
- postprandial energy expenditure, processed foods, whole foods, thermogenesis, obesity, satiety, net energy intake, dietary lipid level
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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