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Cited by 19Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchNitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsDental Health and Care Utilization

The microbial generation of nitric oxide in the human oral cavity

Smith, A. J., Benjamin, N., Weetman, D. A., Mackenzie, D., MacFarlane, T. W.·1999·Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease
DOI 10.3402/mehd.v11i1.7880
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Abstract

Nitric oxide a potent antimicrobial agent and vasodilator, may be synthesized in the human mouth due to the bacterial reduction of salivary nitrate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intra-oral pH changes produced by the oral flora may augment the production of nitric oxide. To test this hypothesis a sucrose mouthrinse was administered to human volunteers who were free from caries and periodontal disease and production of oral nitric oxide was related to intra-oral pH changes. Baseline measurements consisted of pooled supragingival plaque and anterior and posterior tongue scrapings for microbiological analysis. Additional samples of saliva were collected for nitrate and nitrite analysis. Intra-oral pH measurements were recorded with a microelectrode at selected sites and NO intra-oral levels were measured by chemiluminescence. In addition selected members of the oral flora were tested for their ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite. A decrease in pH produced by the sucrose rinse was significantly associated with an increase in the intra-oral generation of NO after 5 min (p=0.006). The most frequently recovered nitrate reducing organisms were Veillonella spp. and Actinomyces spp. whilst the acidogenic Streptococcus spp. were negative nitrate reducers. The oral generation of NO appears to be influenced by pH levels within the oral cavity. Keywords: nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite, saliva, nitrate reductase, intra-oral pH.

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Crossref · 10.3402/mehd.v11i1.7880

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  • Among the highest nitrate-reducing species in the oral cavity are Firmicutes (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella) and Actinobacteria (Actinomyces), followed by Pasteurella, Rothia, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Granulicatella.

    “Among the highest nitrate-reducers species, identified in the oral cavity, there are: Firmicutes (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella) and Actinobacteria (Actinomyces), followed by numerous other taxa, including Pasteurella, Rothia, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Granulicatella (Smith et al., 1999; Palmerini et al., 2003; Hyde et al., 2014).”

    From Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 1999

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Authors
Smith, A. J., Benjamin, N., Weetman, D. A., Mackenzie, D., & MacFarlane, T. W.
Affiliations
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • University of London (GB)
Venue
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease
Publisher
Co-Action Publishing
Published
1999-03-01
Volume
11
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 0891-060X (ISSN-L)
  • 1651-2235
DOI
10.3402/mehd.v11i1.7880
OpenAlex
W2130279367
Cited by
19
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
1.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
Keywords
nitric oxide, nitrate reduction, oral microbiota, salivary nitrate, nitrite, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, oral cavity, chemiluminescence

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