Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on cariogenic bacteria
Abstract
The antimicrobial agent nitric oxide (NO) is formed in the mouth and its concentration is directly related to salivary nitrite, which in turn is related to dietary nitrate intake. The aim of this study was to determine whether nitrite under acidic conditions will have an inhibitory effect, possibly occurring through NO production, on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces naeslundii. Whereas the growth of S. mutans was inhibited by a more acid pH, the addition of nitrite caused a marked, further dose-dependent reduction in bacterial numbers after 24 h of exposure. Similar effects were observed with A. naeslundii and L. casei. The ability of these bacteria to recover from nitrite exposure was also markedly affected by nitrite concentration. At acidity levels below pH 7, low concentrations of nitrite (0.2 mM) caused effective complete killing of S. mutans, with similar effects on the other organisms tested. These results demonstrate the possibility that nitrite in saliva has an effect on the growth and survival of cariogenic bacteria.
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This may relate to the paradoxical association between nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and protection from dental caries.
“This may relate to the paradoxical association between nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and protection from dental caries[191,205,232,238,239].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [232]
Nitrite can exert pH-dependent antimicrobial effects via formation of reactive secondary nitrogen oxides that can disrupt aerobic respiration, inhibit bacterial acid production, and disrupt biofilm formation.
“Nitrite can exert pH-dependent antimicrobial effects[204,232,233] via formation of reactive secondary nitrogen oxides that can disrupt aerobic respiration[234], inhibit bacterial acid production, and disrupt biofilm formation[235–237].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [232]
High salivary nitrite concentrations may exert antimicrobial effects elsewhere in the oral cavity and gut, possibly disrupting community composition or function of biologically beneficial populations of nitrate-reducing bacteria.
“Yet, despite these localized, periodontal effects on microbial populations, high salivary nitrite concentrations may also exert antimicrobial effects elsewhere in the oral cavity and gut, possibly disrupting community composition or function of biologically beneficial populations of nitrate-reducing bacteria[204,232–237].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [232]
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- Authors
- Silva Mendez, L. S., Allaker, R. P., Hardie, J. M., & Benjamin, N.
- Corresponding author
- Allaker, R. P.
- ORCID
- Allaker, R. P.
- Venue
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 391-392
- ISSN
- 0902-0055 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-302X
- OpenAlex
- W2076726202
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- nitrite, nitric oxide, cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, antimicrobial activity, salivary nitrite, dietary nitrate, low pH, bacterial growth inhibition, bacterial recovery
- MeSH terms
- Actinomyces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Nitrites, Streptococcus mutans
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