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Cited by 107Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressNatural Products and Biological Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Antioxidant Effects of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Supplementation in Hyperlipidemic Rats

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Ko, Sang-Heui, Park, Jae-Hee, Kim, So-Yun, Lee, Seon Woo, Chun, Soon-Sil, Park, Eunju·2014·Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
DOI 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.019PMC PMC3999804
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Abstract

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and examined for total polyphenol content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and antigenotoxic activity. The in vivo antioxidant activity of spinach was assessed using blood and liver lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. The TPC of WE and EE were shown as 1.5±0.0 and 0.5±0.0 mg GAE/g, respectively. Increasing the concentration of the extracts resulted in increased ORAC value, CAA, and antigenotoxic activity for all extracts tested. HFCD-fed rats displayed hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by a significant rise in blood and liver lipid profiles, an increase in plasma conjugated diene concentration, an increase in liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and a significant decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity compared with rats fed normal diet. However, administration of 5% spinach showed a beneficial effect in HFCD rats, as indicated by decreased liver TBARS level and DNA damage in leukocyte and increased plasma conjugated dienes and Mn-SOD activity. Thus, the antioxidant activity of spinach may be an effective way to ameliorate high fat and cholesterol diet-induced oxidative stress.

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Crossref · 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.019

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Fig. 1 ORAC value (A), CAA value (B), and antigenotoxic activity (C) of spinach. Values are mean±SD (n=3). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig. 1 ORAC value (A), CAA value (B), and antigenotoxic activity (C) of spinach. Values are mean±SD (n=3). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Effects of spinach on liver TBARS of rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. ND, normal diet; HFCD, high fat-cholesterol diet; HFCD+S, high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% spinach powder. Values are mean±SD (n=8). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig. 2 Effects of spinach on liver TBARS of rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. ND, normal diet; HFCD, high fat-cholesterol diet; HFCD+S, high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% spinach powder. Values are mean±SD (n=8). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Effects of spinach on H2O2 induced DNA damage in the leukocytes of rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. ND, normal diet; HFCD, high fat-cholesterol diet; HFCD+S, high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% spinach powder. Values are mean±SD (n=8). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig. 3 Effects of spinach on H2O2 induced DNA damage in the leukocytes of rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. ND, normal diet; HFCD, high fat-cholesterol diet; HFCD+S, high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% spinach powder. Values are mean±SD (n=8). Values not sharing the same letter are significantly different from one another (P<0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Citations

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Show all 45 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. 2009, Food Science and Biotechnology, 18, 179
  2. 1956, J Biol Chem, 226, 497
  3. 2003, Bratisl Lek Listy, 104, 108
  4. 2008, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21, 890, 10.5713/ajas.2008.70638 · DOI
  5. 2013, Food Chem Toxicol, 11, 448
  6. 1997, Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci, 38, 1203
  7. 1996, Am J Pathol, 148, 273
  8. 2013, Nutr Hosp, 28, 1407

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Metadata

Authors
Ko, S.-H., Park, J.-H., Kim, S.-Y., Lee, S. W., Chun, S.-S., & Park, E.
Affiliations
  • Sunchon National University (KR)
  • Kyungnam University (KR)
Corresponding author
Park, Eunju
ORCID
Venue
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
Publisher
The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
Published
2014-03-31
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
19-26
ISSN
  • 1226-332X (ISSN-L)
  • 2287-1098
DOI
10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.019
PMC
PMC3999804
OpenAlex
W1996240666
Cited by
107
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Natural Products and Biological Research
Keywords
spinach, hyperlipidemia, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, high-fat high-cholesterol diet, polyphenols, total polyphenols, ORAC, cellular antioxidant activity, antigenotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, TBARS, superoxide dismutase, DNA damage, dietary supplementation

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