Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Mitochondrial DNA Replication and PGC-1α Gene Expression in C2C12Muscle Cells
Open accessAbstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process requiring coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it controls mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication within diverse tissues, including muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mtDNA copy number and PGC-1α promoter activity in C₂C12 muscle cells. mtDNA copy number and mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PGC-1α promoter from −970 to +412 bp was subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector, which includes a luciferase reporter gene. Both EPA and DHA significantly increased mtDNA copy number, dose and time dependently, and up-regulated mRNA levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and Tfam. Furthermore, EPA and DHA stimulated PGC-1α promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPA and DHA may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which was partially associated with increased mtDNA replication and PGC-1α gene expression in C₂CSUB12/SUB muscle cells.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In differentiated C2C12 myotubes, n-3 PUFAs increase PGC-1α expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with 50 μM for 24 h having the greatest effect.
“In differentiated C2C12 myotubes, n-3 PUFAs have been found to increase the expression of PGC-1α in a dose and time dependent manner with 50 μM for 24 h having the greatest effect [91].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [91]
In fully formed myotubes, Tfam and NRF1 expression increase following EPA and DHA treatment.
“In fully formed myotubes, the expression of both Tfam and NRF1 have been shown to increase following both EPA and DHA treatment [91].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [91]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Primer3 on the WWW for General Users and for Biologist Programmers
Rozen, S., & Skaletsky, H. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-192-2:365 · Cited by 14,952 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Puigserver, P., Andersson, U., Zhang, C., Adelmant, G., Mootha, V., Troy, A., Cinti, S., Lowell, B., Scarpulla, R. C., et al. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80611-x · Cited by 4,139 · see citing works
Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
Lin, J., Wu, H., Tarr, P. T., Zhang, C.-Y., Wu, Z., Boss, O., Michael, L. F., Puigserver, P., Isotani, E., Olson, E. N., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00904 · Cited by 2,546 · see citing works
Transcriptional paradigms in mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis and function
Scarpulla, R. C. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2007 · Cited by 1,666 · see citing works
Metabolic control of muscle mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation through SIRT1/PGC‐1α
Gerhart‐Hines, Z., Rodgers, J. T., Bare, O., Lerin, C., Kim, S., Mostoslavsky, R., Alt, F. W., Wu, Z., & Puigserver, P. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601633 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Self-citationPeroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis
Lehman, J. J., Barger, P. M., Kovacs, A., Saffitz, J. E., Medeiros, D. M., & Kelly, D. P. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10268 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
The role of exercise and PGC1α in inflammation and chronic disease
Handschin, C., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07206 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States
Kris-Etherton, P., Taylor, D. S., Yu-Poth, S., Huth, P., Moriarty, K., Fishell, V., Hargrove, R. L., Zhao, G., & Etherton, T. D. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.1.179s · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Virbasius, J. V., & Scarpulla, R. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.4.1309 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Similarity of Human Mitochondrial Transcription Factor 1 to High Mobility Group Proteins
Parisi, M. A., & Clayton, D. A. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2035027 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Resveratrol induces mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells
Csiszár, A., Labinskyy, N., Pinto, J. T., Ballabh, P., Zhang, H., Losonczy, G., Pearson, K. J., de Cabo, R., Pacher, P., Zhang, C., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00368.2009 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Flachs, P., Horakova, O., Brauner, P., Rossmeisl, M., Pecina, P., Franssen-van Hal, N., Ruzickova, J., Sponarova, J., Drahota, Z., Vlcek, C., et al. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1944-7 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content
Þórsdóttir, I., Tómasson, H., Gunnarsdóttir, I., Gisladottir, E. U., Kiely, M. E., Parra, M. D., Bandarra, N. M., Schaafsma, G., & Martínez, J. A. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803643 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Madsen, L., Rustan, A. C., Vaagenes, H., Berge, K., Dyrøy, E., & Berge, R. K. (1999) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-999-0445-x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Ray, H. R. D., Yamada, T., Ishizawa, R., Saito, Y., & Masuda, K. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.010 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Lombardo, Y. B., Hein, G. J., & Chicco, A. G. (2007) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-007-3039-3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Anderson, E. J., Thayne, K. A., Harris, M., et al. (2014) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5888 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Cavaliere, G., Trinchese, G., Bergamo, P., De Filippo, C., Mattace Raso, G., Gifuni, G., Putti, R., Moni, B. H., Canani, R. B., Meli, R., et al. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149033 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Rehman, H., Krishnasamy, Y., Haque, K. D., Thurman, R. G., Lemasters, J. J., Schnellmann, R. G., & Zhong, Z. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065029 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zhao, M., & Chen, X. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.010 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Endurance Exercises
Freyssenet, D. G., Berthon, P. M., & Denis, C. (1996) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1076/apab.104.2.129.12878 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Seafood diets: Hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of taurine and n-3 fatty acids
Elvevoll, E. O., Eilertsen, K., Brox, J. H., et al. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.021 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Assembly of the cellular powerhouse: current issues in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis.
Hood, D. A., Takahashi, M., Connor, M. K., & Freyssenet, D. G. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ramel, A., Parra, D., Martinez, J., Kiely, M., & Thorsdottir, I. (2009) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-008-0769-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Siculella, L., Sabetta, S., Damiano, F., et al. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.014 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kim, Y., & Park, Y. (2015) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-015-4000-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, M.-S., Kim, I.-H., & Kim, Y. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5051660 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationJeng, J.-Y., Lee, W.-H., Tsai, Y.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Chao, S.-Y., & Hsieh, R.-H. (2009) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf902021h · Cited by 24 · see citing works
SREBF1 gene variations modulate insulin sensitivity in response to a fish oil supplementation
Bouchard‐Mercier, A., Rudkowska, I., Lemieux, S., Couture, P., Përusse, L., & Vohl, M. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-152 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration
Tachtsis, B., Camera, D., & Lacham-Kaplan, O. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10030309 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Amorim, R., Simões, I., Veloso, C., Carvalho, A., Simões, R., Pereira, F., Thiel, T., Normann, A., Morais, C., Jurado, A., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051723 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, M.-S., Shin, Y., Moon, S., Kim, S., & Kim, Y.
- Affiliations
- Ewha Womans University (KR)
- Venue
- Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
- Published
- 2016-12-31
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 317-322
- ISSN
- 1226-332X (ISSN-L)
- 2287-1098
- PMC
- PMC5216882
- OpenAlex
- W2604542120
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Preventive Nutrition and Food Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2013R1A1A2009522)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, mitochondrial DNA replication, PGC-1α, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA copy number, NRF1, TFAM, C2C12 muscle cells, skeletal muscle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
