Gastrointestinal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis
Open accessAbstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit several features of gut dysfunction which may contribute to the development of cirrhosis complications as well as have an impact on nutritional status and health-related quality of life. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in cirrhosis and their pathophysiology probably involves factors related to liver disease severity, psychological distress, and gut dysfunction (e.g., increased gastric sensitivity to distension and delayed gut transit). They may lead to reduced food intake and, thus, may contribute to the nutritional status deterioration in cirrhotic patients. Although tense ascites appears to have a negative impact on meal-induced accommodation of the stomach, published data on gastric accommodation in cirrhotics without significant ascites are not unanimous. Gastric emptying and small bowel transit have generally been shown to be prolonged. This may be related to disturbances in postprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin levels, which, in turn, appear to be associated to insulin resistance, a common finding in cirrhosis. Furthermore, small bowel manometry disturbances and delayed gut transit may be associated with the development of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Finally, several studies have reported intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis (especially those with portal hypertension), which is related to bacterial translocation and permeation of intestinal bacterial products, e.g., endotoxin and bacterial DNA, thus potentially being involved in the pathogenesis of complications of liver cirrhosis.
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Gut dysmotility contributes to intestinal bacterial overgrowth in liver cirrhosis.
“Another factor that contributes to intestinal bacteria overgrowth in liver cirrhosis is gut dysmotility149.”
From The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation (2017) · cites this paper as [149]
Malnutrition is common in chronic liver disease patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
“Malnutrition is common in patients with CLD and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality (reviewed elsewhere149).”
From The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation (2017) · cites this paper as [149]
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The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation
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- Authors
- Kalaitzakis, E.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Kalaitzakis, Evangelos
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 14686
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4209534
- OpenAlex
- W2033205374
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- liver cirrhosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, gastric accommodation, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, ascites, insulin resistance, ghrelin, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation, endotoxin, portal hypertension, nutritional status, health-related quality of life, cirrhosis complications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Motility, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Nutritional Status, Permeability, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Enteric Nervous System, Bacterial Translocation, Gastrointestinal Tract, Malnutrition
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