CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 469Gastrointestinal motility and disordersDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in normal healthy subjects

Open access
Horowitz, M., Edelbroek, M. A. L., Wishart, J. M., Straathof, J. W.·1993·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/bf00400362
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The relationships between gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of glucose and oral glucose tolerance were evaluated in 16 healthy volunteers. While sitting in front of a gamma camera the subjects drank 350 ml water containing 75 g glucose and 20 MBq 99mTc-sulphur colloid. Venous blood samples for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were obtained at--2, 2,5,10,15,30,45,60,75,90,105,120 and 150 min. Gastric emptying approximated a linear pattern after a short lag phase (3.3 +/- 0.8 min). The 50% emptying time was inversely related to the proximal stomach 50% emptying time (r = -0.55, p < 0.05) and directly related to the retention in the distal stomach at 120 min (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). Peak plasma glucose was related to the amount emptied at 5 min (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) and the area under the blood glucose curve between 0 and 30 min was related to the amount emptied at 30 min (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). In contrast, plasma glucose at 120 min was inversely related to gastric emptying (r = -0.56, p < 0.05) and plasma insulin at 30 min (r = -0.53, p < 0.05). Plasma insulin at 120 min was inversely related (r = -0.65, p < 0.01) to gastric emptying. The increase in plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide at 5 min was related directly to gastric emptying (r = 0.53, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/bf00400362

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Late postprandial hyperglycemia occurs because once nutrients finally reach the absorptive surface of the small intestine, the circulating insulin concentration has declined, leading to a disproportionate and often prolonged glycemic rise.

    “late postprandial hyperglycemia: Once nutrients finally reach the absorptive surface of the small intestine, the circulating insulin concentration has declined, leading to a disproportionate and often prolonged glycemic rise [64, 94, 95].”

    From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [95]

    The Discussion reports that slower gastric emptying was associated with higher plasma glucose at 120 minutes in healthy subjects, supporting a late glycemic effect. It does not establish that this happens because insulin has declined by the time nutrients reach the small intestine, or that the rise is prolonged. The section “Relationship between plasma insulin and gastric emptying” instead reports that insulin at 120 and 150 minutes was higher with greater meal retention. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Early postprandial hypoglycemia occurs because insulin acts before sufficient carbohydrates enter the small intestine; plasma insulin concentrations rise while circulating glucose remains low due to delayed gastric transit.

    “early postprandial hypoglycemia: Insulin acts before sufficient carbohydrates enter the small intestine; plasma insulin concentrations rise while circulating glucose remains low due to delayed gastric transit [64, 94, 95].”

    From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [95]

    The Discussion says that early gastric emptying affects the subsequent glucose response, and the Results link slower early emptying with a smaller early glucose rise. But the Results find no significant relationship between gastric retention and insulin at 5, 15, or 30 minutes. The paper does not establish early postprandial hypoglycemia or the proposed sequence in which insulin acts before sufficient carbohydrate reaches the small intestine. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A fall in gastric emptying may account for part of the lower postprandial glucose seen with cinnamon.

    “This finding could indicate that the reduction in the postprandial blood glucose response seen after the ingestion of cinnamon could be partly explained by an accompanying reduction in gastric emptying, because the rate of gastric emptying acts as a major factor in blood glucose homeostasis in normal subjects by controlling the delivery of carbohydrate to the small intestine (6, 7).”

    From Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects (2007) · cites this paper as [6]

  • Gastric emptying is a key determinant of blood glucose control in normal subjects because it governs how quickly carbohydrate reaches the small intestine.

    “because the rate of gastric emptying acts as a major factor in blood glucose homeostasis in normal subjects by controlling the delivery of carbohydrate to the small intestine (6, 7).”

    From Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects (2007) · cites this paper as [6]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Horowitz, M., Edelbroek, M. A. L., Wishart, J. M., & Straathof, J. W.
Affiliations
  • Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
  • University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
ORCID
Horowitz, M.
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1993-09
Volume
36
Issue
9
Pages
857-862
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/bf00400362
OpenAlex
W2036325222
Cited by
469
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
FWCI
8.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
gastric emptying, oral glucose tolerance, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin, plasma glucose, healthy volunteers
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Reference Values, Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review