Diversity of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 mechanisms of action against intestinal infections
Open accessAbstract
The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is one of the probiotics recommended for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that in the case of infectious diseases there are two potential sites of action of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: (1) An action on enteropathogenic microorganisms (adhesion of bacteria and their elimination or an effect on their virulence factors: Toxins, lipopolysaccharide, etc.); and (2) a direct action on the intestinal mucosa (trophic effects, effects on epithelial reconstitution, anti-secretory effects, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulators).Oral administration of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 to healthy subjects does not alter their microbiota.However, in the case of diseases associated with the use of antibiotics or chronic diarrhea, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 can restore the intestinal microbiota faster.The interaction of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 with the innate immune system have been recently demonstrated thus opening up a new therapeutic potential of this yeast in the case of diseases associated with intestinal infections but also other pathologies associated with dysbiosis such as inflammatory diseases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Saccharomyces strains have a higher survival capacity when passing through the digestive tract compared with other probiotics, help maintain the balance of the normal microflora of the intestinal tract, and have immunomodulatory effects.
“This is because, when passing through the digestive tract, Saccharomyces strains have a higher survival capacity compared with the other probiotics. Also, these strains help to maintain the balance of the normal microflora of the intestinal tract and have immunomodulatory effects, acting to fine-tune immunological pathways during pathogenic infections or chronic diseases [32,33,34].”
From The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
McFarland, L. V. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510480037031 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
Review article: yeast as probiotics – <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i>
CZERUCKA, D., PICHE, T., & RAMPAL, P. (2007) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03442.x · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii: A prospective study
Surawicz, C. M., Elmer, G. W., Speelman, P., McFarland, L. V., Chinn, J., & van Belle, G. (1989) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(89)91613-2 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Surawicz, C. M., McFarland, L. V., Greenberg, R. N., Rubin, M., Fekety, R., Mulligan, M. E., Garcia, R. J., Brandmarker, S. A., Bowen, K., Borjal, D., et al. (2000) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/318130 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Prevention of beta-lactam-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii compared with placebo.
McFarland, L. V., Surawicz, C. M., Greenberg, R. N., Elmer, G. W., Moyer, K. A., Melcher, S. A., Bowen, K., & Cox, J. L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Kotowska, M., Albrecht, P., & Szajewska, H. (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02356.x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Pothoulakis, C., Kelly, C. P., Joshi, M. A., Gao, N., O'Keane, C. J., Castagliuolo, I., & LaMont, J. T. (1993) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(93)90280-p · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Saccharomyces boulardii protease inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A effects in the rat ileum
Castagliuolo, I., LaMont, J. T., Nikulásson, S. Þ., & Pothoulakis, C. (1996) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.64.12.5225-5232.1996 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Buts, J., Bernasconi, P., Vaerman, J.-P., & Dive, C. (1990) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01536771 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Qamar, A., Aboudola, S., Warny, M., Michetti, P., Pothoulakis, C., LaMont, J. T., & Kelly, C. P. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.4.2762-2765.2001 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Szajewska, H., & Kołodziej, M. (2015) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13344 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Czerucka, D., Dahan, S., Mograbi, B., Rossi, B., & Rampal, P. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.10.5998-6004.2000 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with vancomycin and Saccharomyces boulardii.
Surawicz, C. M., McFarland, L. V., Elmer, G., & Chinn, J. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Biostructure of Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Diarrhea
Swidsinski, A., Loening–Baucke, V., Verstraelen, H., Osowska, S., & Doerffel, Y. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.04.017 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Dahan, S., Dalmasso, G., Imbert, V., Peyron, J., Rampal, P., & Czerucka, D. (2003) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.71.2.766-773.2003 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Murzyn, A., Krasowska, A., Stefanowicz, P., Dziadkowiec, D., & Łukaszewicz, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012050 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Szajewska, H., & Mrukowicz, J. Z. (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02624.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Chen, X., Kokkotou, E. G., Mustafa, N., Bhaskar, K. R., Sougioultzis, S., O’Brien, M. J., Pothoulakis, C., & Kelly, C. P. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m605200200 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhoea
Kurugöl, Z., & Koturoğlu, G. (2005) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01786.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Czerucka, D., Roux, I., & Rampal, P. (1994) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(94)94403-2 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Moré, M. I., & Swidsinski, A. V. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s85574 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Wu, X., Vallance, B. A., Boyer, L., Bergstrom, K., Walker, J., Madsen, K. L., OʼKusky, J. R., Buchan, A. M. J., & Jacobson, K. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00173.2007 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea
Billoo, A. G. (2006) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i28.4557 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Brandão, R. L., Castro, I. M., Bambirra, E. A., Amaral, S. C., Fietto, L. G., Trópia, M. J. M., Neves, M. J., dos Santos, R. G., Gomes, N. C. M., & Nicoli, J. R. (1998) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.64.2.564-568.1998 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cindoruk, M., Erkan, G., Karakan, T., Dursun, A., & Unal, S. (2007) · Helicobacter · doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00516.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Buts, J., Dekeyser, N., Stilmant, C., Delem, E., Smets, F. N., & Sokal, E. M. (2006) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000220322.31940.29 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Jawhara, S., & Poulain, D. (2007) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1080/13693780701523013 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Kollaritsch, H., Holst, H., Grobara, P., & Wiedermann, G. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Schneider, S. M. (2005) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i39.6165 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Effectiveness and safety ofSaccharomyces boulardiifor acute infectious diarrhea
Dinleyici, E. Ç., Eren, M., Özen, M., Yargıç, Z. A., & Vandenplas, Y. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.664129 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kabbani, T. A., Pallav, K., Dowd, S. E., Villafuerte-Galvez, J., Vanga, R. R., Castillo, N. E., Hansen, J., Dennis, M., Leffler, D. A., & Kelly, C. P. (2017) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1267890 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Prevention of clindamycin-induced mortality in hamsters by Saccharomyces boulardii
Toothaker, R. D., & Elmer, G. W. (1984) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.26.4.552 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rodrigues, A. C. P., Nardi, R. M. D., Bambirra, E. A., Vieira, E., & Nicoli, J. R. (1996) · Journal of Applied Bacteriology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb04325.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Martins, F. S., Dalmasso, G., Arantes, R. M. E., Doye, A., Lemichez, E., Lagadec, P., Imbert, V., Peyron, J., Rampal, P., Nicoli, J. R., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008925 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Berg, R. D., Bernasconi, P., Fowler, D., & Gautreaux, M. D. (1993) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/168.5.1314 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Saccharomyces boulardii in acute childhood diarrhoea: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Villarruel, G., Rubio, D. M., López, F. G. B., Cintioni, J., Gurevech, R., Romero, G. G., & Vandenplas, Y. (2007) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00191.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Duman, D., Bor, S., ??z??temiz, ?., ahin, T. L., uz, D. O., tan, F. I., Vural, T., Sandkci, M., ksal, F. I., ek, L. I., et al. (2005) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-200512000-00015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Prevention of Clostridium difficile induced mortality in gnotobiotic mice by Saccharomyces boulardii
Corthier, G., Dubos, F., & Ducluzeau, R. (1986) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/m86-164 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Neut, C., Mahieux, S., & Dubreuil, L. J. (2017) · Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses · doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2017.07.001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Htwe, K., Yee, K. S., Tin, M., & Vandenplas, Y. (2008) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.214 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Jahn, H., Ullrich, R., Schneider, T., Liehr, R., Schieferdecker, H. L., Holst, H., & Zeitz, M. (2009) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000201320 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sakarya, S., & Günay, N. (2014) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.12237 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Shan, L.-S., Hou, P., Wang, Z.-J., Liu, F.-R., Chen, N., Shu, L.-H., Zhang, H., Han, X.-H., Han, X.-X., Cai, X., et al. (2013) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2013.0008 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Saccharomyces boulardiiinterferes withShigellapathogenesis by postinvasion signaling events
Mumy, K. L., Chen, X., Kelly, C. P., & McCormick, B. A. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00391.2007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Barc, M. C., Charrin-Sarnel, C., Rochet, V., Bourlioux, F., Sandré, C., Boureau, H., Dore, J. M., & Collignon, A. (2008) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.04.003 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent Cl- Secretion in T84 Cells
Czerucka, D., & Rampal, P. (1999) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1026689628136 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rigothier, M. C., Maccario, J., & Gayral, P. (1994) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/bf00932617 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Thomas, S., Przesdzing, I., Metzke, D., Schmitz, J., Radbruch, A., & Baumgart, D. C. (2009) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03878.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Krasowska, A., Murzyn, A., Dyjankiewicz, A., Łukaszewicz, M., & Dziadkowiec, D. (2009) · FEMS Yeast Research · doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00559.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Buccigrossi, V., Laudiero, G., Russo, C. A., Miele, E., Sofia, M., Monini, M., Ruggeri, F. M., & Guarino, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099830 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Thomas, S., Metzke, D., Schmitz, J., Dörffel, Y., & Baumgart, D. C. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00217.2011 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Silica–niobia oxides as viable acid catalysts in water: Effective vs. intrinsic acidity
Carniti, P., Gervasini, A., & Marzo, M. (2009) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.07.111 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Pontier-Bres, R., Prodon, F., Munro, P. M., Rampal, P., Lemichez, E., Peyron, J., & Czerucka, D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033796 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
[Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on jejunal secretion in rats induced by cholera toxin].
Vidon, N., Huchet, B., & Jc, R. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in different clinical conditions
Dinleyici, E. Ç., Kara, A., Özen, M., & Vandenplas, Y. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2014.937419 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Schroeder, B. U., Winckler, C., Failing, K., & Breves, G. (2004) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/b:ddas.0000037828.05100.52 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pontier-Bres, R., Munro, P. M., Boyer, L., Anty, R., Imbert, V., Terciolo, C., André, F., Rampal, P., Lemichez, E., Peyron, J., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103069 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fidan, I., Kalkancı, A., Yeşilyurt, E., Yalçin, B., Erdal, B., Kuştımur, S., & İmir, T. (2008) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01545.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Girard, P., Pansart, Y., Lorette, I., & Gillardin, J. (2003) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1022801228938 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ducluzeau, R., & Bensaada, M. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Murzyn, A., Krasowska, A., Augustyniak, D., Majkowska-Skrobek, G., Łukaszewicz, M., & Dziadkowiec, D. (2010) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02037.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Breves, G., Faul, K., Schröder, B., Holst, H., Caspary, W. F., & Stein, J. M. (2000) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000007757 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Koon, H. W., Su, B., Xu, C., Mussatto, C. C., Tran, D. H.-N., Lee, E. C., ORTIZ, C. W., Wang, J., Lee, J. E., Ho, S., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00150.2016 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Swidsinski, A. V., Loening-Baucke, V. A., Schulz, S., Manowsky, J., Verstraelen, H., & Swidsinski, S. (2015) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2015.11.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Corthier, G., Lucas, F., Jouvert, S., & Castex, F. (1992) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/0041-0101(92)90030-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Collignon, A., Sandré, C., & Barc, M. C. (2010) · Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique · doi:10.1016/s0399-8320(10)70024-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rigothier, M. C., Maccario, J., Vuong, P. N., & Gayral, P. (1990) · Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée · doi:10.1051/parasite/1990652051 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ljungh, Å. (1996) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(96)00073-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Algın, M. C., Sahin, A., Kiraz, N., Şahıntürk, V., & İhtiyar, E. (2005) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-005-3049-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pontier-Bres, R., Rampal, P., Peyron, J., Munro, P. M., Lemichez, E., & Czerucka, D. (2015) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins7114455 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yang, L., Tian, Z., Yu, Y., Zhang, C., Li, X., Mao, T., Jing, X., Zhao, W.-J., Ding, X., Yang, R.-M., et al. (2017) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftx006 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ibáñez, L., Pontier-Bres, R., Larbret, F., Rekima, A., Verhasselt, V., Blin‐Wakkach, C., & Czerucka, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00643 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Biological sludges as animal feed supplements—analysis and composition of sludges
Kavanagh, B. V., Herbert, L. S., & Moodie, S. P. (1982) · Agricultural Wastes · doi:10.1016/0141-4607(82)90006-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [5]Adam J Barret A Barret-Bellet C Essais cliniques contrôlés en double insu de l'Ultra-Levure lyophilisée. Etude multicentrique par 25 médecins de 388 cas Méd Chirurg Dig 1976 5 401 405 796598
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties
Maftei, N.-M., Raileanu, C. R., Balta, A. A., Ambrose, L., Boev, M., Marin, D. B., & Lisa, E. L. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12020234 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The promotion mechanism of prebiotics for probiotics: A review
You, S., Ma, Y., Yan, B., Pei, W., Wu, Q., Ding, C., & Huang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1000517 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Helmy, Y. A., Taha-Abdelaziz, K., Hawwas, H. A. E.-H., Ghosh, S. B., Alkafaas, S. S., Moawad, M. M. M., Saied, E. M., Kassem, I. I., & Mawad, A. M. M. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020274 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of probiotic prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Mekonnen, S. A., Merenstein, D. J., Fraser, C. M., & Marco, M. L. (2020) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.005 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces: Back to Nature to Improve Human Health
Abid, R., Waseem, H., Ali, J., Ghazanfar, S., Ali, G. M., Elasbali, A. M., & Alharethi, S. H. (2022) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof8050444 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, K., Ruszkowski, J., Fic, M., Folwarski, M., & Makarewicz, W. (2020) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-020-02053-9 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Exploring biotechnological and functional characteristics of probiotic yeasts: A review
Shruthi, B., Deepa, N., Somashekaraiah, R., Adithi, G., Divyashree, S., & Sreenivasa, M. Y. (2022) · Biotechnology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00716 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Fungal Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Its Role in Colorectal, Oral, and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, K., Dvořák, A., Folwarski, M., Daca, A., Przewłócka, K., & Makarewicz, W. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12051326 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ansari, F., Samakkhah, S. A., Bahadori, A., Jafari, S. M., Ziaee, M., Khodayari, M. T., & Pourjafar, H. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1949577 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Chan, M. Z. A., & Liu, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.009 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Sadeghi, A., Ebrahimi, M. T., Shahryari, S., Kharazmi, M. S., & Jafari, S. M. (2022) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.018 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Gaziano, R., Sabbatini, S., Roselletti, E., Perito, S., & Monari, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00718 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Probiotic and nutritional effects of Debaryomyces hansenii on animals
Angulo, M., Reyes‐Becerril, M., Medina-Córdova, N., Tovar‐Ramírez, D., & Angulo, C. (2020) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10780-z · Cited by 56 · see citing works
López‐Gómez, L., Alcorta, A., & Abalo, R. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13101487 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer
Song, D., Wang, X., Ma, Y., Liu, N., & Wang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1111872 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Probiotics and their applications in functional foods: a health perspective
Amin, M. R., Biswas, A. P., Tasnim, M., Islam, M. N., & Azam, M. S. (2025) · Applied Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.afres.2025.101193 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ramírez-Cota, G. Y., López‐Villegas, E. O., Jiménez–Aparicio, A. R., & Hernández‐Sánchez, H. (2020) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-020-09680-5 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ye, T., Yuan, S., Kong, Y., Yang, H., Wei, H., Zhang, Y., Jin, H., Yu, Q., Liu, J., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03142 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liu, M., Gao, H., Miao, J., Zhang, Z., Zheng, L., Li, F., Zhou, S., Zhang, Z., Li, S., Liu, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1330029 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Potential benefits of yeast Saccharomyces and their derivatives in dogs and cats: a review
Maturana, M., Castillejos, L., Martín-Orúe, S. M., Minel, A., Chetty, O., Félix, A. P., & Lesaux, A. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1279506 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Wang, L., Ke, S., Villafuerte-Gálvez, J., Pollock, N. R., Barrett, C. G., Sprague, R., Daugherty, K., Xu, H. J., Lin, Q., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.02.069 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mourey, F., Sureja, V., Kheni, D., Shah, P., Parikh, D., Upadhyay, U., Satia, M., Shah, D., Troise, C., & Decherf, A. (2020) · Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000002849 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kulig, K., Kowalik, K., Surowiec, M., Karnas, E., Woźnicka, O., Zuba‐Surma, E. K., Pyza, E., Kozik, A., Rąpała‐Kozik, M., & Karkowska‐Kuleta, J. (2023) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-023-10085-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Vaginal microbiota: Potential targets for vulvovaginal candidiasis infection
Wang, Y., Liu, Z., & Chen, T. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27239 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kullar, R., Johnson, S., McFarland, L. V., & Goldstein, E. J. C. (2021) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics10040408 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Advances in Yeast Probiotic Production and Formulation for Preventative Health
Moonsamy, G., Roets-Dlamini, Y., Langa, C. N., & Ramchuran, S. O. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12112233 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hwang, S.-B., Chelliah, R., Kang, J. E., Rubab, M., Daliri, E. B., Elahi, F., & Oh, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.614963 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gao, H. Y., Li, Y., Xu, J., Zuo, X., Yue, T., Xu, H., Sun, J. L., Wang, M., Ye, T., Yu, Y. B., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204122 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
de Carvalho, B. T., Subotić, A., Vandecruys, P., Deleu, S., Vermeire, S., & Thevelein, J. M. (2024) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00325-24 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Darong, H., Chen, Y., Chen, H., Deng, X., Huang, J., Lu, S., Li, P., & Du, B. (2022) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-022-09906-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhou, Z., Sarwar, A., Xue, R., Hu, G., Wu, J., Aziz, T. A., Alasmari, A. F., Yang, Z., & Yang, Z. (2024) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139839 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ahmad, Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Ullah, H., Rahman, A. U., Wei, J., Qin, Y. H., Wang, G., Wang, B., & Li, X. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112738 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Madel, M., Halper, J., Ibáñez, L., Claire, L., Rouleau, M., Boutin, A., Mahler, A., Pontier-Bres, R., Ciucci, T., Topi, M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.82037 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Contaldo, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite · doi:10.31083/j.fbe1501006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Wang, L., Ke, S., Kelly, C. P., Pollock, N. R., Villafuerte-Gálvez, J., Daugherty, K., Xu, H. J., Yao, J., Chen, Y., et al. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01362-22 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The role of gut fungi in Clostridioides difficile infection
Wang, L., Cao, Y., Lou, E., Zhao, X., & Chen, X. (2023) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2023.100686 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics
Odriozola, A., González, A., Odriozola, I., Álvarez‐Herms, J., & Corbi, F. (2024) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.04.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Altcheh, J., Carosella, M., Ceballos, A., D’Andrea, U., Jofre, S. M., Marotta, C., Mugeri, D., Sabbaj, L., Soto, A., Josse, C., et al. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030500 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Beyond antibiotics: probiotics as a promising ally against Helicobacter pylori
Yuan, L., Chong, Y., Han, Y., Fan, Y., & Tu, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1620870 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
El‐Saadony, M. T., Saad, A. M., Sitohy, M. Z., Alkafaas, S. S., Dladla, M., Ghosh, S., Mohammed, D. M., Ibrahim, E. H., Fahmy, M. A., Elkelish, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1713426 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Is there a role for microbiome-based approach in common variable immunodeficiency?
Poto, R., Ianiro, G., de Paulis, A., Spadaro, G., Marone, G., Gasbarrini, A., & Varricchi, G. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-023-01006-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McFarland, L. V., & Li, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1587792 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Qu, P., Liu, X., Xia, X., Xie, X., Luo, J., Cheng, S., Chi, J., Liu, P., Li, H., Zhao, W., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.903002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pan, H.-Y., Chen, X., Wang, P., Peng, J., Li, J., & Ding, K. (2023) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02813h · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tang, S., Li, J., Li, Y., Du, H., Zhu, W., Zhang, R., & Wan, J. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03647-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Huang, Z., Zhu, J., Bu, X., Lu, S., Luo, Y., Liu, T., Duan, N., Wang, W., Wang, Y., & Wang, X. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00688-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meng, K.-L., Lv, X.-C., Che, H.-Y., Li, Y., Chen, X., Hu, M., & Yan, M. (2021) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11601-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Empiric Antibiotics in COVID 19: A Narrative Review
Lingas, E. C. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.25596 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Imre, A., Kovács, R., Pázmándi, K., Nemes, D., Jakab, Á., Fekete, T., Rácz, H. V., Dóczi, I., Bácskay, I., Gácser, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7090746 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Perdichizzi, A., Meola, M., Caccamo, L., Caruso, G., Gai, F., & Maricchiolo, G. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13213383 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Engineering Saccharomyces boulardii for Probiotic Supplementation of l ‐Ergothioneine
Tang, C., Zhang, L., Wang, J., Zou, C., Zhang, Y., & Yuan, J. (2024) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202400527 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Poloni, V. L., Pérez, M. E., Escobar, F., Luna, J., Pereyra, Y., Cristofolini, A., Magnoli, A. P., & Cavaglieri, L. R. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10492-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lou, P., Shen, Y., Zhuge, A., Lv, L., Zhu, X., Yin, Y., Yang, L., Wang, K., Li, B., & Li, L. (2021) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01847-21 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Biotherapeutic Potential of Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii Against Candida albicans Biofilm
Bahuguna, N., Venugopal, D., & Rai, N. (2024) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-024-01350-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Borgmann, S., Rieß, B., Meintrup, D., Klare, I., & Werner, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176100 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lenka, S., Singh, D., Paul, S., Gayen, A., & Chandra, M. (2021) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00413 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moonsamy, G., Singh, S., Roets-Dlamini, Y., Baikgaki, K. K., & Ramchuran, S. O. (2025) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation11040186 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nardone, G., Cicero, A. F. G., Gallelli, L., & Canani, R. B. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14010150 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The human gut microbiome in enteric infections: from association to translation
Yin, Q., Gupta, S., Muller, E., & Almeida, A. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2612836 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Small intestinal microbial fiber metabolism dysfunction in celiac disease
Wulczynski, M., Constante, M., Galipeau, H. J., Blom, J.-J., Rueda, G. H., El-Chaar, N., Superdock, D. K., Jiang, S., David, L. A., Murray, J. A., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-70644-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bamisi, O. E., Ogidi, C. O., & Akinyele, B. J. (2024) · Annals of Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s13213-024-01776-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ivashkin, V., Maev, I., Alekseeva, O. P., Alekseenko, S., Korochanskaya, N. V., Poluektova, E., Simanenkov, V., Trukhmanov, A. S., Khlynov, I., Tsukanov, V., et al. (2022) · Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology Coloproctology · doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-2-9-18 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rosa, L. F., Gonda, S., Roese, N., & Bischoff, S. C. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18081167 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dong, Z., Wang, L., An, Y., Wang, T. R., Dong, H., Li, Q., Li, H., & Chen, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1864466 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Systematic Review on Therapeutic Applications of Yeast 'Saccharomyces'
Mondal, O., Khanna, D., Panwar, S., Negi, S., & Basu, S. (2021) · International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology · doi:10.32628/ijsrst218226 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, X., Huang, L., Cheng, L., Hu, B., Liu, H., Hu, J., Hu, S., Han, C., He, H., Kang, B., et al. (2022) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-022-02478-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ivashkin, V., Ulyanin, A., Mayev, I. V., Kozlov, R., Livzan, M., Abdulkhakov, S., Alekseyeva, O. P., Alekseyenko, S. A., Bordin, D. S., Dekhnich, N., et al. (2022) · Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology Coloproctology · doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-6-7-19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tenea, G. N., Cajas, B. A., & Sanchez, B. C. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12132435 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
O’Brien, E. S., Robert, A., Gauthier, D., Cavorzin, A. L., Planchais, J., Roux, X., Verleye, M., & Castagné, V. (2023) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.3920/bm2023.0003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Saccharomyces and Their Potential Applications in Food and Food Processing Industries
Leo, V. V., Viswanath, V., Deka, P., Zothanpuia, Z., Ramji, D. R., Pachuau, L., Carrie, W., Malvi, Y., Singh, G., & Singh, B. P. (2021) · Fungal biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Koupaei, M., Saderi, H., Marashi, S. M. A., Fathizadeh, H., & Owlia, P. (2022) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105450 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Probiotic Properties of Saccharomycetes (Review)
Ryabtseva, S., Khramtsov, A. G., Sazanova, S. N., Budkevich, R. O., Fedortsov, N. M., & Veziryan, A. A. (2023) · Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology · doi:10.1134/s0003683823010088 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nyssen, O. P., Jonaitis, L. V., Pérez‐Aísa, Á., Tepeš, B., Mahmudov, U., Николаевна, В. И., Martínez‐Domínguez, S. J., Bujanda, L., Lucendo, A. J., Вологжанина, Л. Г., et al. (2026) · Helicobacter · doi:10.1111/hel.70119 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xie, R., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Li, C., Cui, D., Li, S., Li, Z., Liu, H., & Huang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125190 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Allahyari, S., Pakbin, B., Dibazar, S. P., Karami, N., Hamidian, G., Zolghadr, L., Ovissipour, R., & Mahmoudi, R. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10524-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Apple Pomace Fermented with Non-Saccharomyces Yeast as a Factor Modulating Gut Microbiota
Liszkowska, W., Motyl, I., Płacheta-Kwiatkowska, B., Wlaźlak, M., Ruman, T., Nizioł, J., Wilkowska, A., Maher, A., & Berłowska, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27072960 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tope-Fatukasi, B. P., Afolabi, O. B., Ogunnusi, T. A., & Akpor, O. B. (2024) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-024-00620-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Shruthi, B., Somashekaraiah, R., Divyashree, S., Adithi, G., Ajithkumar, K., MAHADEVAKUMAR, S., & Sreenivasa, M. Y. (2025) · Food Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/08905436.2025.2457678 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhai, H., Shi, J., Sun, R., Tan, Z., Swaiba, U. E., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., & Huang, J. (2021) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109150 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yulianto, W. A., Pujimulyani, D., & Pratami, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical · doi:10.33555/jffn.v4i1.96 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Piame, L. T., & Yako, Y. Y. (2026) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia6010014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Das, M., & Dam, S. (2024) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-024-04128-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pontier-Bres, R., & Czerucka, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1771497 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sinelnikov, M. Y., Sankova, M. V., Nikolenko, V. N., Oganesyan, M. V., Bakhmet, А. А., Gavryushova, L. V., & Sankov, S. V. (2022) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450123666220418094853 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ayad, A. A., El-Rab, D. G., & Williams, L. L. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1008248 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Das, N., Ragavan, M. L., & Mandal, S. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823733-5.00001-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ahmadi, M., Mohtasham, N., Shamsizadeh, A., Javaherizadeh, H., Cheraghian, B., & Alizadeh, M. (2022) · Immunopathologia Persa · doi:10.34172/ipp.2022.31397 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Xu, J. Z., Zhang, J., Xu, H., Sun, Y., Miao, Y., & Wen, T. (2023) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02141-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intérêt de Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 dans la prise en charge des infections vulvo-vaginales
Bohbot, J.-M., & Zhioua, F. (2021) · Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie · doi:10.1016/j.gofs.2021.04.008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rodríguez, J. A. M., Sanz, P. R., Kostandyan, E., Sanchez, R. P., Roque, M. L. P., Vasquez, P. C., & Millán, P. R. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10020034 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Singh, M. (2025) · Journal of the California Dental Association · doi:10.1080/19424396.2025.2552159 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association Between Dyspeptic Symptoms and Eating Habits in the Colombian Population
Alatorre-Cruz, J. M., Carreño-López, R., Vargas-Plaza, V., Barrios-Cortés, L., Santiago-Saenz, Y. O., de la Peña, C. F. M., López, N. A. S., & Alatorre-Cruz, G. C. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18020308 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Microbiota management: a perspective for kidney transplant patients
Souza, C. S., Câmara, N. O. S., & Alves-Silva, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Transplantation · doi:10.3389/frtra.2026.1703048 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Qu, D.-N., Ji, Z.-X., Zhang, J.-Q., & Wang, X.-Y. (2026) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s594118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arroyo-Maya, I. J., Gaytán, I., Santacruz, A., & Borgne, S. L. (2026) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms14092075 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Marushko, Y. V., Hyshchak, T. V., Pysariev, А. О., & Iovitsa, T. V. (2023) · Family medicine European practices · doi:10.30841/2786-720x.3.2023.289354 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alvarez-Zapata, M., Franco‐Vega, A., Ganem‐Rondero, A., Soria‐Guerra, R. E., Juárez-Flores, B. I., Comas‐García, M., Oros‐Ovalle, C., Schneider, B., Ratering, S., Schnell, S., et al. (2023) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-023-10204-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Voyron, S., Bietto, F., Fontana, M., Martello, E., Bruni, N., & Pessione, E. (2024) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol4020045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tapia-Tiglla, J. P., & Bonifaz-Díaz, D. R. (2024) · MQRInvestigar · doi:10.56048/mqr20225.8.3.2024.3005-3028
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Boulard
Margina, D. M., & Purdel, C. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00089-0
- Authors
- Czerucka, D., & Rampal, P.
- Affiliations
- Scientific Centre of Monaco (MC)
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2019-05-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2188-2203
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6526157
- OpenAlex
- W2946761187
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, probiotics, intestinal infection, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, bacterial adhesion, virulence factors, intestinal mucosa, anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulation, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, innate immune system, chronic diarrhea
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Saccharomyces boulardii, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Intestinal Diseases, Intestinal Mucosa, Probiotics, Intraabdominal Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
